Question 1

Theoretical frameworks that strive to understand society as a whole are called.

Accepted Answer

Macrosociology focuses on the study of large-scale social systems and institutions, such as the economy, politics, and culture. It seeks to understand society as a whole, rather than focusing on individual behavior or interaction. Option B is incorrect because microsociology focuses on studying small-scale social interactions and individual behavior. Option C is incorrect because theories of the middle range are theoretical frameworks that connect macro and micro levels of analysis. Option D is not a known term in sociology.

Question 2

What is the purpose of sociological theory?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of sociological theory is to organize and interpret observations in order to better understand social phenomena. It helps to generate hypotheses and guide research, as well as provide explanations for social patterns and behaviors.

Question 3

At its most basic level,the function of the family is.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At its most basic level,the function of...

Question 4

Marx's perspective of society argued that

Accepted Answer

Marx's perspective of society argued that profit is produced through the exploitation of the working class. He believed that capitalists control the means of production and extract surplus value from the labor of the working class, leading to the accumulation of wealth for the capitalists and immiseration for the workers. This exploitation is a central feature of capitalist society according to Marx's analysis.

Question 5

Weber theorized that value-free sociology could not exist since values would always influence what sociologists considered worthy of study.Because they could not be completely value-free,Weber believed that sociologists should

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that sociologists should acknowledge the influence of values on their research and try to be as objective as possible. This means recognizing their biases and attempting to minimize them in order to produce the most accurate and reliable research possible. It does not mean abandoning the goal of objectivity or attempting to use their research to promote a particular political perspective. Option A is incorrect because Weber did believe that researchers should try to minimize their biases. Option B is incorrect because Weber believed in the importance of objectivity and neutrality in social scientific research. Option D is incorrect because Weber was not opposed to empirical research, but rather believed that values would always play a role in shaping it.

Question 6

According to Social Darwinists

Accepted Answer

Social Darwinists believed that society evolved like nature, and just like in nature, only the fittest individuals would survive and thrive. Thus, they believed that only the "fittest" members of society should prosper, and that social reform, which they saw as going against natural selection, was not necessary.

Question 7

According to Marx,the beliefs of the common people tend to support the interests of the capitalist system,not the workers themselves.This is because

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the dominant class control the means of production, including the production of ideas. Therefore, the beliefs of the common people - including workers - tend to reflect the interests of the ruling class (capitalists) rather than the interests of the workers themselves. This is because the capitalist class has the power to shape the prevailing ideas and values of society to reflect their own interests, which is known as "hegemony". It is not that workers do not understand capitalism or what would benefit them - rather, their beliefs are shaped by the dominant ideas promoted by the ruling class.

Question 8

Ida B.Wells-Barnett was an early sociologist whose contributions to the field have only recently been examined.
She is best known for her work

Accepted Answer

Ida B. Wells-Barnett is best known for her work in the anti-lynching movement, where she documented and publicized the atrocities committed against African Americans in the South. Her writings and activism helped spark a national conversation and contributed to the eventual passage of anti-lynching legislation. While she did work with other organizations, such as the NAACP, her most significant impact was in the fight against lynching.

Question 9

According to the text,a significant difference between the early American sociologists and their European counterparts was that the American sociologists were more.

Accepted Answer

The text states that American sociologists were "more interested in applying sociological principles and theories to practical issues, such as urbanization, industrialization, and immigration." This indicates that they were more practical in their approach compared to their European counterparts.

Question 10

Theoretical frameworks that center on face-to-face social interaction are categorized as.

Accepted Answer

Theoretical frameworks that center on face-to-face social interaction are focused on small-scale interactions and are categorized as microsociology, which studies the behavior of individuals within a specific social context. Macrosociology, on the other hand, studies large-scale social structures and organizations, and universalistic sociology focuses on universal principles and laws that govern human behavior. Theories of the middle range seek to bridge the gap between these two levels of analysis.

Question 11

interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of society as a whole.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is a sociological perspective that interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of society as a whole. It views society as a complex system made up of various interdependent parts, each with a unique function that helps to maintain the equilibrium of the whole. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social order, stability, and cohesion, and how social institutions such as religion, education, and the family contribute to these goals.

Question 12

Functionalism emphasizes all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Functionalism does not emphasize the role of coercion and power in society, but rather focuses on the shared values and order that exist within it.

Question 13

Weber was concerned with the responsibility of sociologists.He stated that sociologists should

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that sociologists had a responsibility to reveal uncomfortable truths about society, even if they went against popular opinion or challenged existing power structures. He also believed in the importance of empirical research and avoiding bias, meaning that promoting particular political positions or avoiding unpopular views would go against his recommendations for responsible sociological inquiry. The fourth option, theorizing without being empirical, goes against Weber's emphasis on empirical research. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 14

The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement and who did systematic research geared toward improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within the city was:

Accepted Answer

The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement and who did systematic research geared toward improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within the city was Jane Addams. Robert Park was also a prominent member of the Chicago School, but his research focused more on urban ecology and race relations, rather than on social reform. Lester Ward was a prominent sociologist who focused on evolutionary sociology, while George Herbert Mead was a social psychologist who emphasized the role of symbols in human interaction.

Question 15

An important concept in Weber's sociology is verstehen which refers to:

Accepted Answer

Verstehen refers to understanding and interpreting social behavior from the perspective of those engaged in it. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of human behavior and the reasons behind it.

Question 16

According to Marx,capitalism is based on

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that capitalism was based on the pursuit of profit by private individuals who owned the means of production. Private property was a key factor in capitalist societies, as it allowed individuals to accumulate wealth and maintain control over their assets. Marx also saw capitalism as a system that perpetuated inequality and exploitation, as workers were paid less than the value of their labor, while capitalists reaped the benefits of their labor.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about Marx is true?

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that economic forces were the primary driving force behind social change and the development of society. He argued that class struggle, particularly between the working class and the bourgeoisie, was the key dynamic that shaped all aspects of society.

Question 18

While Marx saw economics as the organizing influence on society,Weber focused on

Accepted Answer

Weber saw society as being influenced by three dimensions: political, economic, and cultural.

Question 19

The type of applied sociological thinking that focused on how society shaped the mind and identity of people was called.

Accepted Answer

The Chicago School was known for their focus on how the social and physical environments of cities shaped individuals' perceptions, behaviors, and identities. This perspective is commonly referred to as environmental or social determinism, and places emphasis on the role of societal structures in shaping human experiences.

Question 20

Merton called the unintended consequences of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Merton described unintended consequences as "latent" functions, meaning they are not necessarily the intended or recognized outcomes of behavior, but rather secondary or unintended effects that may be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Quiz 1: Sociological Perspective