Question 1

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was adopted to guarantee the right to freedom of expression.

Accepted Answer

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to keep and bear arms. The First Amendment guarantees the right to freedom of expression.

Question 2

The Children's Internet Protection Act required federally financed schools and libraries to use some form of technological protection to block computer access to obscene material, pornography, and anything else considered harmful to minors.

Accepted Answer

The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was enacted in 2000 and requires K-12 schools and public libraries that receive federal funding to use internet filters or other technologies to block access to certain websites and online materials that are harmful to minors, such as pornography and obscene content.

Question 3

Web dynamic filtering uses keywords or phrases to block access to Web sites.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

The Children's Internet Protection Act was eventually found to be unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2003, which ruled that it was constitutional.

Question 5

According to a survey by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, one in five teenagers have engaged in sexting.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true, according to a survey by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.

Question 6

Employees who are unwillingly exposed to pornography or other objectionable material while using their work computer would have a strong case for sexual harassment.

Accepted Answer

Employees have the right to a workplace free from sexual harassment, and being exposed to pornography or other objectionable material can be considered sexual harassment. Employers have a responsibility to prevent such exposure and should provide mechanisms for employees to report any incidents.

Question 7

In Reno v. ACLU, the Supreme Court ruled that the same free-speech protections apply to communication over the Internet as exists for print communication.

Accepted Answer

In Reno v. ACLU, in 1997, the Supreme Court ruled that the same free-speech protections apply to communication over the Internet as exist for print communication.

Question 8

After a temporary injunction as well as numerous hearings and appeals, the Supreme Court ruled that the Child Online Protection Act was constitutional.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court ruled in 2004 that the Child Online Protection Act was unconstitutional in Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union.

Question 9

Mason v. California is the 1973 Supreme Court case that established a test to determine if material is obscene.

Accepted Answer

Mason v. California is not a 1973 Supreme Court case that established a test to determine if material is obscene. The correct case is Miller v. California (1973) which established the three-part Miller Test to determine if material is obscene in terms of the First Amendment.

Question 10

In the ICRA rating system, Web authors fill out an online questionnaire to describe the content of their site.

Accepted Answer

In the ICRA rating system, Web authors do fill out an online questionnaire to describe the content of their site.

Question 11

One of the early Supreme Court rulings that addressed anonymity as an aspect of the Bill of Rights was NAACP v. Alabama in which the court ruled that the NAACP did not have to turn its membership list over to the state of Alabama.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. NAACP v. Alabama was a landmark Supreme Court case in which the court ruled that the NAACP did not have to disclose its membership list to the state of Alabama, citing the right to freedom of association and the potential for members to face harassment or retaliation if their names were made public. This case established anonymity as an aspect of the First Amendment's protection of freedom of association.

Question 12

The IP address can be used to identify the sender of an ordinary e-mail or online posting.

Accepted Answer

The IP address can be traced back to the sender of an email or online posting.

Question 13

Obscene speech is not protected by the First Amendment.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Obscene speech is not protected by the First Amendment as it does not contribute to the expression of ideas and is considered to be indecent and offensive. However, it is important to note that obscenity is difficult to define and is subject to legal interpretation.

Question 14

The Communications Decency Act was aimed at protecting children from revealing personal information about themselves or their parents.

Accepted Answer

The Communications Decency Act (1996) was primarily aimed at regulating indecent content on the internet, particularly obscenity and pornography. It also aimed to protect minors from accessing such content, but it did not specifically address the issue of disclosing personal information. That issue was later addressed in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 1998.

Question 15

Over the years, a number of federal, state, and local laws have been found unconstitutional because they violated one of the tenets of the First Amendment.

Accepted Answer

Many laws have been challenged and struck down as unconstitutional because they infringed upon the First Amendment's protections of freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. Examples include laws banning certain forms of political speech, laws censoring books or movies, and laws restricting the right to peacefully assemble or petition the government.

Question 16

The Child Online Protection Act was an attempt to protect children from online pornography while preserving the rights of adults.

Accepted Answer

The Child Online Protection Act, passed in 1998, aimed to protect minors from harmful online content while still allowing adults access to adult-oriented material. It imposed fines and possible imprisonment for website operators who failed to restrict access to such content to minors. However, the law was challenged and ultimately struck down in court in 2009 due to concerns about censorship and freedom of speech.

Question 17

Making either an oral or a written statement of alleged fact that is false and harms another is called slander.

Accepted Answer

Slander specifically refers to making a false and harmful oral statement, while a written statement of the same nature is called libel.

Question 18

In some states, sexting can result in felony charges and first-time offenders can be registered as sex offenders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In some states, such as Texas and Pennsylvania, sexting can result in felony charges and first-time offenders can be registered as sex offenders. It is important to be aware of the laws and potential consequences in your state.

Question 19

The Supreme Court has ruled that the First Amendment does not protect the right of individuals to speak anonymously.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has recognized the right of individuals to speak anonymously as a form of free speech protected by the First Amendment in a number of cases, including McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission (1995) and Doe v. Reed (2010). However, the Court has also recognized that this right may be balanced against other interests, such as the need to prevent fraud or harassment.

Question 20

Anonymous expression is a relatively new phenomena that came shortly after the arrival of the Internet allowed people to express their opinions without revealing their identity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anonymous expression is a relatively new phenomena...

Quiz 5: Freedom of Expression