Question 1

What is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Generativity versus stagnation is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood, occurring during middle adulthood (ages 40-65). In this stage, individuals strive to contribute to society and leave a positive impact on future generations, while also seeking a sense of productivity and satisfaction in their personal and professional lives. Stagnation may arise if one feels unfulfilled or lacking purpose in these areas.

Question 2

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called _____.

Accepted Answer

Ronald's personality traits of liking to try new things and being artistic suggest high levels of openness, which is one of the personality dimensions that relates to a person's preference for novelty, creativity, and exploration. Extroversion relates to social behaviors, neuroticism to emotional stability, and sociability is not a recognized personality dimension.

Question 3

According to the text, middle age, if it exists _____.

Accepted Answer

The text states that middle age "could begin at 35 or 50," indicating that it is not strictly tied to one specific age. There is no indication that middle age is inherently a time of crisis or that it is more negative for men than women.

Question 4

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

Accepted Answer

According to research, individuals high in extroversion are more likely to get married and have larger social networks, making them well-suited for social and interpersonal jobs. The other choices are not necessarily related to extroversion.

Question 5

Those who know her describe Matilda as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

Matilda is described as kind and helpful, which indicates a high level of agreeableness.

Question 6

Adults choose their _____ by selecting neighborhoods, mates, hobbies, and careers at least in part based on their personality traits.

Accepted Answer

Adults choose their ecological niche by selecting environments and relationships that align with their personality traits and preferences.

Question 7

Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Samuel is high in _____.

Accepted Answer

Samuel's moody, anxious, and self-punishing behavior suggests high levels of neuroticism.

Question 8

How many stages of development did Abraham Maslow describe?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow described five stages of development in his hierarchy of needs theory. These include physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Question 9

Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____.

Accepted Answer

The search for identity is a task that continues throughout one's life, even after the stage of identity versus role confusion has been successfully navigated. Erikson believed that each stage of development builds on the previous one, and that resolving conflicts and achieving a sense of identity and purpose is an ongoing process that continues into adulthood. While there are other stages that focus on different aspects of development, such as intimacy and generativity, the search for identity remains a central theme throughout an individual's life.

Question 10

People in Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek _____.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's third level in the hierarchy of needs is "love and belonging," where individuals seek relationships, friendships, and a sense of connection with others.

Question 11

The Big Five personality traits _____.

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits are apparent in every culture and era, and are considered to be universal.

Question 12

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was _____.

Accepted Answer

Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which consists of eight stages that individuals go through from birth to old age. He believed that each stage presents a crisis that individuals must resolve to continue healthy development into adulthood.

Question 13

Research has shown that the _____-a period of unusual anxiety, reexamination, and transformation during middle adulthood-has more to do with historical circumstances than actual age.

Accepted Answer

The term "midlife crisis" refers to a period of reexamination and transformation that many individuals experience during middle adulthood. However, research has shown that this phenomenon has more to do with historical circumstances (such as societal expectations and cultural norms) than actual age. Therefore, the correct answer is D) midlife crisis.

Question 14

A man who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in _____.

Accepted Answer

People who are high in openness tend to be more open to new experiences, ideas, and ways of thinking. They enjoy variety and novelty, which can lead them to seek out new jobs and experiences. They may also be less tied down to a particular place or way of life, making them more likely to move frequently. Additionally, people who are high in openness tend to be more optimistic and positive, which could contribute to their seeming happier with changes.

Question 15

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's eighth and final psychosocial stage is integrity versus despair, which occurs during late adulthood. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and achieving a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, or feeling a sense of regret and disappointment. Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is likely in this stage as she is reflecting on her life and attempting to find meaning and purpose in it.

Question 16

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

Davetta's traits of being organized and conforming to standards indicate a high level of conscientiousness.

Question 17

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____.

Accepted Answer

Extroversion is typically associated with being sociable, outgoing, and energetic. Therefore, someone who has many of these personality traits would be described as active and outgoing (B).

Question 18

Which statement about middle age is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

While some people may experience a midlife crisis, it is not a universal occurrence. Additionally, there are many changes that can happen during middle age, but they do not necessarily coincide with turning 40. Therefore, option C, "Changes do not necessarily cluster around age 40," is the true statement about middle age.

Question 19

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Selflessness is not one of the Big Five personality traits. The Big Five personality traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 20

People choose a particular lifestyle and social context, or _____, because it is compatible with their personality traits.

Accepted Answer

An ecological niche refers to the specific environmental conditions and resources that a particular species or individual requires in order to survive and thrive. In the context of human behavior, this concept can be applied to the idea that people seek out particular social and environmental contexts that are compatible with their personality traits and needs, just as different species seek out particular ecological niches. This is known as the niche-picking theory of human development. Therefore, the best answer choice is A, ecological niche.

Quiz 22: Seciton 3: Adulthood: Psychosocial Development