Question 1

Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true?
A)Some people were resistant to the technological and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution.
B)The Luddites were very successful in their efforts to sabotage the Industrial Revolution.
C)There is no contemporary equivalent to the Luddites.
D)Wages rose uniformly during the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

Many people were resistant to the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, particularly those who were displaced or replaced by machines or faced poor working conditions in factories. Some even organized into groups like the Luddites to try to resist the changes, but their efforts were largely unsuccessful.

Question 2

Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology,such as birth control pills,abortion pills,in-vitro fertilization,and genetic engineering.This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates
A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)culture lag.
D)cultural adaptation.

Accepted Answer

The conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts in reproductive technology illustrates culture lag, which occurs when changes in material culture (such as technological advancements) outpace changes in nonmaterial culture (such as beliefs and values). This can lead to a clash between traditional values and new practices.

Question 3

Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as
A)Shakers.
B)Luddites.
C)Amish.
D)Rappites.

Accepted Answer

The rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as Luddites.

Question 4

Which of these historical events led to the emergence of the Luddites?
A)the Industrial Revolution
B)the computer revolution
C)socialism
D)the civil rights movement

Accepted Answer

The Luddites emerged as a response to the Industrial Revolution in England during the early 19th century. They were skilled workers who saw their jobs threatened by the new machinery used in factories and mills, which had the potential to replace skilled labor with unskilled labor, leading to the loss of jobs and a decrease in wages. The Luddites protested by smashing machines and attacking factories, expressing their frustration with the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution.

Question 5

Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life?
A)Luddite
B)neo-Luddite
C)urban amish
D)neo-Amish

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which slang term is used to identify...

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of material culture?
A)technology
B)ideas
C)norms
D)communications

Accepted Answer

Material culture refers to physical objects or artifacts that are created, used, and preserved by people. Technology is an example of material culture, as it refers to the tools, machines, and other inventions that are created by humans and used in their daily lives. Ideas, norms, and communications are examples of non-material culture, as they are concepts and practices that are learned, shared, and transmitted through language and social interaction, but do not have a physical existence.

Question 7

Large families are no longer economically necessary,nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms,but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size.This illustrates
A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)cultural relativity.
D)culture lag.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large families are no longer economically necessary,nor...

Question 8

Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called
A)vested interests.
B)apartheids.
C)luddites.
D)technocrats.

Accepted Answer

Vested interests refer to individuals or groups who currently benefit from the status quo and who have a stake in maintaining it. They may resist social changes that threaten their power, wealth, or privilege. Apartheids and Luddites are specific historical terms, while technocrats typically refer to individuals who advocate for a specific technological approach to problem-solving.

Question 9

Which sociologist has noted that the functionalist perspective's emphasis on stability and the conflict perspective's focus on change reflect the contradictory nature of society?
A)Émile Durkheim
B)Ferdinand Tönnies
C)Ralf Dahrendorf
D)Talcott Parsons

Accepted Answer

Ralf Dahrendorf has noted that the functionalist perspective's emphasis on stability and the conflict perspective's focus on change reflect the contradictory nature of society. Dahrendorf argued that society was characterized by both consensus and conflict, and that both of these elements were necessary for society to function.

Question 10

Which of these statements about social change is true?
A)Social change is always good.
B)People who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as whole.
C)Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change.
D)Social change is not often frightening.

Accepted Answer

Some people, such as those in positions of power or with economic interests, may resist social change because it threatens their privileges or profits. Therefore, it is not always true that people who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as a whole. A and D are both false because social change can have both positive and negative effects and can be frightening for some people.

Question 11

Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique,and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture?
A)William Ogburn
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Sherry Turkle
D)Thorstein Veblen

Accepted Answer

William Ogburn is known for his theory of cultural lag, which argues that material culture changes more quickly than nonmaterial culture, creating a lag or delay in the way people perceive and adapt to new technology. Ogburn believed that it was impossible to predict the social consequences of new technology before it was introduced, and that society had to adapt its values and norms in response to these changes.

Question 12

Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions?
A)cultural relativism
B)culture lag
C)culture shock
D)cultural integration

Accepted Answer

Culture lag refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. This means that there is a delay in the adjustment of nonmaterial cultural aspects such as values, beliefs, and norms to new technologies or social changes, leading to a mismatch between the two. Cultural relativism is a concept that suggests that cultural practices and values cannot be judged from the perspective of another culture. Culture shock refers to the feeling of disorientation and uncertainty experienced by individuals when exposed to a new cultural environment. Cultural integration refers to the blending of different cultures to form a unified and cohesive whole.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
A)inventions
B)artifacts
C)ideas
D)technology

Accepted Answer

Nonmaterial culture refers to the ideas, beliefs, and values that a culture encompasses, rather than the physical objects or technology that the society may possess. Therefore, ideas are the best choice as the example of nonmaterial culture. Inventions, artifacts, and technology refer to material culture.

Question 14

If the U.S.Congress passed strict anticigarette laws that banned their sale anywhere in the country,it would create serious problems for cigarette manufacturers,retailers,tobacco growers,tobacco farm workers,truckers,and many other employees in the cigarette industry.Each of these groups would probably oppose this legislation because they are examples of
A)culture lag.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)luddite.
D)vested interests.

Accepted Answer

Vested interests refer to those who have a significant stake or financial interest in a particular industry or issue. In this case, the cigarette manufacturers, retailers, and others in the industry would have a vested interest in opposing strict anti-cigarette laws that would significantly impact their businesses and livelihoods.

Question 15

Neo-Luddites
A)destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution,when they raided factories at night.
B)have questioned the incessant expansion of industrialization.
C)were early supporters of Marxism.
D)both destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution and were supporters of Marxism.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Luddites are individuals or groups who question or resist the continued expansion of industrialization and its effects on society and the environment. While some Luddites did in fact destroy machinery during the early Industrial Revolution, Neo-Luddites focus more on the social and environmental impacts of technology and industrialization, rather than direct action against machines. Marxism is not inherently tied to Neo-Luddism, although some individuals or groups may draw inspiration or support from Marxist ideas.

Question 16

NIMBY,often used when people protest landfills,prisons,and nuclear power facilities,stands for
A)"never intervening maliciously before yesterday."
B)"nuclear interests may bury you."
C)"not in my backyard."
D)None of these answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

NIMBY stands for "not in my backyard," which refers to individuals or groups who oppose certain projects or developments in their communities.

Question 17

Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred
A)during the Industrial Revolution.
B)in postindustrial society.
C)during the postmodern revolution.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Luddites are typically opposed to the advances in technology that have occurred in postindustrial society, fearing the potential negative impacts on society and the environment. While they may draw some inspiration from the original Luddites who were active during the Industrial Revolution, their concerns are largely focused on contemporary issues related to technology and its effects on society.

Question 18

Thorstein Veblen is responsible for coining the term
A)false consciousness.
B)fads.
C)vested interests.
D)nonmaterial culture.

Accepted Answer

Thorstein Veblen is known for his work on "The Theory of the Leisure Class" where he introduced the concept of "vested interests." He argued that the wealthy and privileged classes of society maintained their status through conspicuous consumption, thereby creating a culture where people sought status through the display of wealth rather than through hard work or achievement. This idea was central to Veblen's critique of capitalism and the way it perpetuated inequality. Veblen did not coin the term "false consciousness," which was introduced by Karl Marx, nor did he invent the concept of "fads" or "nonmaterial culture."

Question 19

A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights.This group would be an illustration of
A)Gemeinschaft.
B)technocrats.
C)vested interests.
D)bear liberals.

Accepted Answer

The group of senators who are protesting the decision to end manned space flights are likely doing so because it would negatively affect their states' economies. This is an example of vested interests, which refer to groups or individuals who have a personal or financial stake in a particular issue or policy decision.

Question 20

Which term refers to "cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"?
A)invention
B)society
C)technology
D)government

Accepted Answer

Technology refers to the knowledge and skills that people have developed to use tools, materials, and resources of the environment to meet their basic needs and wants. It includes techniques, processes, and practices that are designed to make life easier and more productive. This includes different forms of technology, such as agricultural techniques, manufacturing processes, and communication tools.

Quiz 59: Social Change

Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true?

Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology,such as birth control pills,abortion pills,in-vitro fertilization,and genetic engineering.This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates

Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as

Which of these historical events led to the emergence of the Luddites?

Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life?

Which of the following is an example of material culture?

Large families are no longer economically necessary,nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms,but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size.This illustrates

Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called

Which sociologist has noted that the functionalist perspective's emphasis on stability and the conflict perspective's focus on change reflect the contradictory nature of society?

Which of these statements about social change is true?

Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique,and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture?

Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions?

Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

Neo-Luddites

NIMBY,often used when people protest landfills,prisons,and nuclear power facilities,stands for

Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred

Thorstein Veblen is responsible for coining the term

A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights.This group would be an illustration of

Which term refers to "cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"?