Question 1

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion,religious expression,gun control,and sexual orientation?
A)cultural shock
B)culture war
C)subcultures
D)contracultures

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements is "culture war." This term suggests that there is a conflict or battle between different factions within a society over cultural values and beliefs. The issues mentioned, such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation, are often at the center of this cultural divide. Other terms, such as "cultural shock," "subcultures," and "contracultures," may be related to aspects of cultural diversity or resistance, but do not specifically capture the idea of a societal conflict over cultural values.

Question 2

Sanctions can be positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

Sanctions refer to measures taken to influence behavior or enforce compliance, and can be either positive or negative. Positive sanctions reward desired behavior, while negative sanctions punish undesirable behavior.

Question 3

From a functionalist perspective,the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From a functionalist perspective,the social significance of...

Question 4

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each.Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the various types of social norms...

Question 5

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth,property,and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media?
A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective argues that society is marked by conflicts of interest and inequalities where the most powerful groups control resources and dominant institutions to maintain their position of power. This includes control over the means of production, as well as control over the production of ideas and beliefs about reality through institutions such as religion, education, and the media.

Question 6

Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms.

Accepted Answer

Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate formal norms, not informal norms. Informal norms refer to unwritten, unofficial rules of society, while formal norms refer to laws, regulations, and other formally established rules.

Question 7

Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms.

Accepted Answer

Wearing mismatched socks and ties is not a serious violation of societal norms, but it does go against the informal norms of dressing appropriately and coordinating one's outfit. Therefore, it is considered a violation of folkways and informal norms.

Question 8

Describe the perspectives of the conflict and functionalist theorists on the concept of a "common culture."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the perspectives of the conflict and...

Question 9

The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations.

Accepted Answer

The feminist perspective emphasizes that language can reinforce traditional gender roles and expectations, which can limit opportunities and choices for individuals based on their gender. This can be seen in the way certain professions are associated with specific gendered language or stereotypes, which can discourage individuals outside of those traditional gender norms from pursuing those careers.

Question 10

In a culture,virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values.

Accepted Answer

Cultures are complex and diverse, often containing subcultures with different norms and values, making it unlikely for all citizens to follow the same set.

Question 11

Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared?
A)benevolence
B)holding grudges
C)disloyalty
D)power

Accepted Answer

Shalom Schwartz's research found that the value of benevolence, or the desire to enhance the welfare of others, was widely shared across different cultures and countries. The values of holding grudges and disloyalty are not generally considered positive values, and the value of power may vary depending on cultural norms and beliefs.

Question 12

In surveys of first-year college students since 1966,which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?
A)being very well-off financially
B)developing a meaningful philosophy of life
C)achieving fame
D)finding true love

Accepted Answer

The answer of In surveys of first-year college students since...

Question 13

A dominant ideology is
A)a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social,economic,and political interests.
B)a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle.
C)a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

A dominant ideology is defined as a set of beliefs and values that reinforces the interests of those in power in a society. It helps to maintain the status quo and justifies the existing power relations. It is a way of thinking that becomes naturalized and taken for granted, making it difficult to challenge or question. This definition fits option A best.

Quiz 10: Elements of Culture

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion,religious expression,gun control,and sexual orientation?

Sanctions can be positive or negative.

From a functionalist perspective,the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media.

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each.Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth,property,and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media?

Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms.

Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms.

Describe the perspectives of the conflict and functionalist theorists on the concept of a "common culture."

The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations.

In a culture,virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values.

Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared?

In surveys of first-year college students since 1966,which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

A dominant ideology is