Question 1

Sheila is one of the managers at Benson & Parker Advertising,an agency based in New York.She is a member of a coalition of managers who are deciding whether to shift their headquarters to Texas.Even though Sheila is against the move,she decides to suppress her opinion because most of the managers of the company favor the move.In this scenario,Sheila is engaging in _____.

Accepted Answer

Sheila is engaging in groupthink.Groupthink refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions.

Question 2

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,_____ refers to the agreement among managers about the nature of an issue or opportunity and about which goals and outcomes to pursue.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,problem consensus refers to the agreement among managers about the nature of a problem or opportunity and about which goals and outcomes to pursue.

Question 3

According to the contingency decision-making framework,_____ means adopting a decision tried elsewhere in the hope that it will work in this situation.

Accepted Answer

According to the contingency decision-making framework,imitation means adopting a decision tried elsewhere in the hope that it will work in this situation.

Question 4

Clear-cut decision criteria exist for nonprogrammed decisions.

Accepted Answer

Clear-cut decision criteria do not exist for nonprogrammed decisions.

Question 5

In the problem identification stage,information about environmental and organizational conditions is monitored to determine if performance is satisfactory and to diagnose the cause of shortcomings.

Accepted Answer

In the problem identification stage,information about environmental and organizational conditions is monitored to determine if performance is satisfactory and to diagnose the cause of shortcomings.

Question 6

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,_____ refers to understanding and agreement about how to solve problems and reach organizational goals.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,technical knowledge refers to understanding and agreement about how to solve problems and reach organizational goals.

Question 7

While making important decisions,it is important to take one's emotions into consideration.

Accepted Answer

Managers make better decisions when-to the extent possible-they take emotions out of the decision-making process.

Question 8

_____ is a characteristic that results in organized anarchies.

Accepted Answer

Organized anarchies result from three characteristics:problematic preferences,unclear,poorly understood technology,and turnover.Organized anarchies do not rely on the normal vertical hierarchy of authority and bureaucratic decision rules.

Question 9

Nonprogrammed decisions rely less on hard data,and there is less certainty about the outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Nonprogrammed decisions rely less on hard data,and there is less certainty about the outcomes.

Question 10

The bounded rationality perspective to decision making describes how decisions actually have to be made under severe time and resource constraints.

Accepted Answer

The bounded rationality perspective describes how decisions actually have to be made under severe time and resource constraints.

Question 11

In the first step of the rational approach to decision making,the manager responds to deviations by identifying essential details of the problem: where,when,who was involved,who was affected,and how current activities are influenced.

Accepted Answer

In the first step of the rational approach to decision making,a manager monitors internal and external information that will indicate deviations from planned or acceptable behavior.

Question 12

The originators of the garbage can model of decision making referred to highly uncertain conditions in an organization as a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

The originators of the garbage can model of decision making referred to highly uncertain conditions in an organization as an organized anarchy,which is an extremely organic organization.

Question 13

_____ means a commitment to make more informed and intelligent decisions based on the best available facts.

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based management means a commitment to make more informed and intelligent decisions based on the best available facts.

Question 14

_____ suggests that the threat of a loss has a greater impact on a decision than the possibility of an equivalent gain.

Accepted Answer

Prospect theory,developed by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky,suggests that the threat of a loss has a greater impact on a decision than the possibility of an equivalent gain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a possible consequence of using the garbage can model for organizational decision making?

Accepted Answer

One of the consequences of organizational decision making is that choices are made without solving problems.A choice-for example,creating a new department or revising work procedures-may be made with the intention of solving a problem; but,under conditions of high uncertainty,the choice may be incorrect.Moreover,many choices just seem to happen.

Question 16

Particularly complex nonprogrammed decisions are often referred to as wicked decisions because simply defining the problem can turn into a major task.

Accepted Answer

Particularly complex nonprogrammed decisions are often referred to as wicked decisions because simply defining the problem can turn into a major task.

Question 17

Personal constraints during nonprogrammed decision making include individual desire for prestige and the desire to satisfy one's emotional needs.

Accepted Answer

Personal constraints during nonprogrammed decision making include personal desire for prestige and the desire to satisfy one's emotional needs.

Question 18

The point of the rational approach is that managers should try to use systematic procedures to arrive at good decisions.

Accepted Answer

The point of the rational approach is that managers should try to use systematic procedures to arrive at good decisions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a difference between the garbage can model and the incremental and Carnegie models?

Accepted Answer

The garbage can model deals with the pattern or flow of multiple decisions within organizations,whereas the incremental and Carnegie models focus on how a single decision is made.

Question 20

Typically,few alternatives can be developed for a programmed decision,so a single solution is custom-tailored to the problem.

Accepted Answer

Typically,few alternatives can be developed for a nonprogrammed decision,so a single solution is custom-tailored to the problem.

Quiz 12: Decision-making Processes

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,_____ refers to the agreement among managers about the nature of an issue or opportunity and about which goals and outcomes to pursue.

According to the contingency decision-making framework,_____ means adopting a decision tried elsewhere in the hope that it will work in this situation.

Clear-cut decision criteria exist for nonprogrammed decisions.

In the problem identification stage,information about environmental and organizational conditions is monitored to determine if performance is satisfactory and to diagnose the cause of shortcomings.

In the context of the contingency decision-making framework,_____ refers to understanding and agreement about how to solve problems and reach organizational goals.

While making important decisions,it is important to take one's emotions into consideration.

_____ is a characteristic that results in organized anarchies.

Nonprogrammed decisions rely less on hard data,and there is less certainty about the outcomes.

The bounded rationality perspective to decision making describes how decisions actually have to be made under severe time and resource constraints.

In the first step of the rational approach to decision making,the manager responds to deviations by identifying essential details of the problem: where,when,who was involved,who was affected,and how current activities are influenced.

The originators of the garbage can model of decision making referred to highly uncertain conditions in an organization as a(n) _____.

_____ means a commitment to make more informed and intelligent decisions based on the best available facts.

_____ suggests that the threat of a loss has a greater impact on a decision than the possibility of an equivalent gain.

Which of the following is a possible consequence of using the garbage can model for organizational decision making?

Particularly complex nonprogrammed decisions are often referred to as wicked decisions because simply defining the problem can turn into a major task.

Personal constraints during nonprogrammed decision making include individual desire for prestige and the desire to satisfy one's emotional needs.

The point of the rational approach is that managers should try to use systematic procedures to arrive at good decisions.

Which of the following is a difference between the garbage can model and the incremental and Carnegie models?

Typically,few alternatives can be developed for a programmed decision,so a single solution is custom-tailored to the problem.