Question 1

The serous membrane surrounding the lungs is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The serous membrane surrounding the lungs is called the pleura. The pericardium surrounds the heart, the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity, and the meninges surround the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

The arrow is pointing towards the nostrils or openings on the external surface of the nose, which are known as external nares.

Question 3

Identify the vessels that lymph will pass through as it moves from the hindlimbs to the cardiovascular system: 1. Juncture of the external jugular/left subclavian vein
2) Thoracic duct
3) Cisterna chyli
4) Right lymphatic duct

Accepted Answer

Lymph from the hindlimbs first enters the cisterna chyli, then moves into the thoracic duct, and finally enters the cardiovascular system at the juncture of the external jugular and left subclavian vein.

Question 4

Which of the following regions of the pharynx is correctly described?

Accepted Answer

The oropharynx is the area behind the mouth, while the laryngopharynx is the area behind the larynx and the nasopharynx is the area behind the nasal cavity.

Question 5

The flattened snout of the pig is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The term "rostrum" refers to the flattened snout of the pig. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing. The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx. The choanae are the openings in the back of the nasal cavity that connect to the pharynx.

Question 6

Which vein drains the tail and empties into the origin of the posterior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

The caudal vein drains the tail and empties into the origin of the posterior vena cava. The external and internal iliac veins drain the pelvic region and lower limb, while the hepatic portal vein drains blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Question 7

Where is the spleen located in a pig?

Accepted Answer

The spleen in pigs, as in humans, is located on the left side of the abdomen and is positioned just posterior to the stomach. This placement allows it to efficiently filter blood and participate in the immune response.

Question 8

While the human larynx is composed of nine cartilages, the pig larynx consists of ________.

Accepted Answer

The pig larynx consists of five cartilages, which is fewer than the human larynx.

Question 9

The ________ receives lymph from the lymphatic ducts of the hindlimbs, pelvis, and abdomen.

Accepted Answer

The cisterna chyli receives lymph from the lymphatic ducts of the hindlimbs, pelvis, and abdomen before it enters the thoracic duct. The right lymphatic duct only receives lymph from the right side of the head, neck, and thorax, while the spleen filters blood, not lymph.

Question 10

The opening to the larynx is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The opening to the larynx is called the glottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs. The choanae are paired openings in the back of the nasal cavity that lead to the nasopharynx.

Question 11

The tracheal rings are C-shaped pieces of ________.

Accepted Answer

Tracheal rings are made up of hyaline cartilage, which provides rigidity and structure to the trachea while still allowing for flexibility and movement during breathing. This allows for the trachea to remain open and prevent collapse.

Question 12

Where is the thymus gland located in a pig?

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland in a pig is located anterior to the heart, in the thoracic cavity.

Question 13

Which lymphatic organ removes old or damaged red blood cells and contains white blood cells that fight infections?

Accepted Answer

The spleen is responsible for removing old or damaged red blood cells from the body and also contains white blood cells that fight infections. The thymus is responsible for producing and maturing T cells, the palatine tonsils play a role in immune defense in the upper respiratory system, and the cisterna chyli is a lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower body.

Question 14

________ is another term for the internal nares.

Accepted Answer

Choanae is the term that refers to the two internal openings of the nasal cavity that connect to the nasopharynx.

Question 15

Which of these is NOT one of the three regions of the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

There is no region of the pharynx called the tracheopharynx. The three regions of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Question 16

Which vein drains the small intestine, large intestine, and the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

The superior mesenteric vein drains the blood from the small intestine, large intestine, and pancreas.

Question 17

The right lung of a human has ________ lobes while that of a pig has ________.

Accepted Answer

The right lung of a human has three lobes, while that of a pig has four lobes.

Question 18

Which of the following veins does NOT drain into the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

The inferior phrenic vein drains into the inferior vena cava, not the hepatic portal vein. The other options listed all drain into the hepatic portal vein.

Question 19

In a pig, the right lymphatic duct drains into the ________.

Accepted Answer

In pigs, as in most mammals, the right lymphatic duct drains into the right subclavian vein.

Question 20

Which lymphatic organ located anteriorly to the heart assists in the development of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is located anteriorly to the heart and is responsible for the development and maturation of T-cells, an important type of immune cell. The spleen is located on the left side of the body and filters blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells as well as pathogens. The right lymphatic duct is a lymphatic vessel that drains lymphatic fluid from the right arm, right side of the chest and head into the bloodstream. Axillary lymph nodes are located in the armpit and filter lymphatic fluid from the arms and chest. None of these organs are primarily responsible for the development of the immune system, making choice A the correct answer.

Quiz 1: Pig Dissection Exercises