Question 1

The ________ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

Accepted Answer

The epigenetic view holds that development is the product of the interplay between genetics and the environment. The term epigenetic is used to refer to any mechanisms that effect changes in a gene's activity without altering the gene's DNA sequence. Therefore, epigenetic processes lie at the intersection between nature and nurture, and help shape the course of development.

Question 2

What are some of the possible causes of infertility in women and men? Name two strategies that can be used to overcome infertility.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Sherry, a 3-year-old, has an extra copy of chromosome 21. She is often made fun of by other children because of her unusual looks; she has a round face and her skull is flat. She has a protruding tongue, and she finds it difficult to play because of her short limbs. Her parents find that her mental abilities are impaired when compared with other children her age. Sherry is most likely suffering from a chromosomal abnormality called ________.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

List five gene-linked abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Name a prenatal medical procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by a syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders.

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Question 6

Xiomarra is tall with dark curly hair and brown eyes. She is outgoing and friendly. The way that Xiomarra's genotype is expressed in these observable characteristics is referred to as her ________.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Violet, who is in the 11th week of pregnancy, is undergoing a prenatal medical procedure to detect genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. During the procedure, her obstetrician removes a small sample of the placenta for analysis. Name the prenatal medical procedure that Violet is undergoing.

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Question 8

Name the theorist who published On the Origin of Species, in 1859, that outlined his/her theory of natural selection.

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Question 9

Explain the genome-wide association method, and how it has been used to help identify genetic variations of diseases.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Yelena is an outgoing person; therefore, people naturally tend to like her and find her personable. According to Scarr-McCartney, which genotype-environment interaction does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

What is the psychological perspective that emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping human behavior?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Cell division occurs in the eggs and sperms. A cell duplicates its chromosomes and divides twice. This leads to the formation of four cells that contain only half of the genetic material of the parent cell. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

________ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Gene × environment (G × E) refers to the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors that contribute to a particular trait or behavior. This type of interaction involves specific measured variations in DNA and specific measured aspects of the environment, such as exposure to toxins or stressors. The other choices (A, B, D, E) do not specifically refer to this type of interaction.

Question 14

What are the short segments of DNA that are located on the chromosomes and considered to be the basic units of hereditary information?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What is the complex molecule that has a double helix shape and contains genetic information?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Deshawn believes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment. He has most likely adopted which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

What is the behavior that promotes an organism's survival in its natural habitat?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

List four sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

During the early stages of a pregnancy, a single zygote splits into two genetically identical replicas. The genetically identical replicas of the single zygote indicate that the pregnant person will have ________ twins.

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Question 20

List the four genetic principles. In your opinion, which do you think is the most serious, and why?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 2: Biological Beginnings