Question 1

The case of Kitty Genovese in New York City is an illustration of what effect?

Accepted Answer

The case of Kitty Genovese in New York City is an illustration of bystander apathy, where individuals fail to intervene or offer help in emergency situations when others are present.

Question 2

Which of the following might provide an example of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink occurs when a group makes faulty decisions due to pressure to conform, often leading to a lack of critical evaluation. A couple deciding to get married might be influenced by societal or familial pressures, reflecting groupthink.

Question 3

Which of the following conditions does NOT lead to groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Low stress does not necessarily lead to groupthink. In fact, stress can sometimes cause individuals to diverge in their opinions and ideas, thus preventing groupthink. The other conditions listed (insulation from outside influence, directive leader, and high group cohesiveness) have been shown to contribute to groupthink.

Question 4

Mr.Smothee,a politician,is running for re-election.As part of his campaigning he publicizes all the charitable acts and donations he has made in the past five years.Mr.Smothee's helping behaviour would be an example of ___.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Smothee's actions can be considered egoistic helping behavior because he is publicizing his charitable acts and donations to gain support for his re-election, indicating a motive to benefit himself.

Question 5

A group of anti-logging activists meet to discuss the problem of deforestation.Arising from this discussion about their next strategy,the group is likely to devise a plan that is ___ than the original beliefs of the individual members.

Accepted Answer

When a group of individuals come together to discuss a problem and devise a plan, they may have different ideas and beliefs initially. Through discussion and collaboration, they may come up with a plan that leans towards being more risky, with ideas and actions bolder than those initially suggested by individual members. Alternatively, they may develop a more conservative plan that compromises between the contrasting ideas of the group members. Therefore, the group's plan could be either more risky or more conservative than the original beliefs of the individual members.

Question 6

Which is the correct sequence of events for Latané and Darley's model of helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

According to Latané and Darley's model of helping behaviour, the correct sequence of events is noticing the situation, interpreting the situation as an emergency, accepting personal responsibility to act, knowing how to help, and then providing help. Therefore, the correct sequence is notice, interpret, accept responsibility, know how to help, and give help, which is the sequence presented in option B.

Question 7

Altruism is defined as

Accepted Answer

Altruism is specifically defined as helping behavior that is done without expecting or seeking any personal benefit or reward. Option C perfectly fits this definition as it describes helping another person without considering one's own self-interest. The other options describe different forms of helping behavior, but they do not adequately capture the selfless nature of altruism.

Question 8

Dolores is stopped at a busy intersection and sees a homeless person holding a sign saying,'please help and spare some change'.She rolls down her window and hands all of her loose change to the man.What did Dolores manage to overcome in this example?

Accepted Answer

Dolores managed to overcome the bystander effect, which refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. In this case, despite being at a busy intersection with many potential bystanders, Dolores chose to help the homeless person.

Question 9

According to research by Darley and Latané,a person needing assistance is most likely to get help when in which situation?

Accepted Answer

Darley and Latané's research found that a person needing assistance is most likely to get help when only one or two other people are around. This is because with fewer people present, individuals feel a greater sense of responsibility to help and are less likely to assume that someone else will take action.

Question 10

According to your text,which of the following is likely to increase altruistic behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Taking the perspective of the victim is likely to increase altruistic behavior as it enhances empathy towards the victim and understanding of their situation, leading to a greater likelihood of helping them.

Question 11

Clarissa is walking on a busy street in the winter when suddenly a woman slips and falls on the ice,right in the middle of a busy intersection.Although there are dozens of people crossing the road,no one stops to help the woman get up.Like Clarissa,they reason that with so many people around,someone else would help her if she needed it.What is leading to bystander apathy in this example?

Accepted Answer

Bystander apathy is often the result of diffusion of responsibility - the feeling that someone else will take responsibility for helping, so there is no need for the individual to take action themselves. This is likely what is happening in this scenario - with so many people around, each person feels that it is not their responsibility to step in and help, leading to no one taking action.

Question 12

The Kitty Genovese murder and subsequent research helped psychologists understand that when people fail to help others,it is usually because

Accepted Answer

The Kitty Genovese murder and subsequent research led to the development of the bystander effect theory, which explains that people are less likely to help others when there are other people around. This is because individuals get caught up in the powerful social situation and think that someone else will help. It is not necessarily due to apathy, valid reasons or a lack of understanding the benefits of helping others.

Question 13

In one experiment,Darley and Latané placed participants in a room to work on a task and then caused smoke to enter the room.People working alone went to report the problem ___ percent of the time; people working in groups reported the problem ___ percent of the time.

Accepted Answer

In the experiment, people working alone reported the smoke problem 75% of the time. However, people working in a group reported the problem only 40% of the time. This shows the diffusion of responsibility, where individuals in a group tend to assume that someone else will take responsibility for an emergency situation, leading to a reduced likelihood of any individual taking action. Therefore, the best choice is C, which shows a higher percentage for individuals acting alone compared to those in a group.

Question 14

When the little boy fell off the wharf while fishing,Jian didn't hesitate for a second and jumped in after him.What is Jian's behaviour an example of?

Accepted Answer

Jian's behavior is an example of altruism, which means helping someone else without the expectation of reward or benefit for oneself. Rather than hesitating or assuming someone else would jump in, Jian acted selflessly to help the little boy in need.

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential remedy for groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Having a "devil's advocate" is a way to challenge the consensus and stimulate discussion, which can counteract groupthink. The other options (having a directive leader, having a "mindguard", and limiting outside influences) may actually contribute to groupthink by suppressing dissent and narrowing the range of opinions considered.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of altruistic behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Altruistic behavior involves doing something helpful for others without expecting anything in return. Remas anonymously donates $100 to charity, which indicates selfless behavior and no expectation of any reward or recognition. Therefore, this is the best example of altruistic behavior among the options given.

Question 17

Which of the following is most associated with true altruism?

Accepted Answer

Sustained giving is most associated with true altruism because it involves helping others without expecting anything in return.

Question 18

All the following are characteristics of a group suffering from the symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

One of the key characteristics of groupthink is a lack of appraisal of alternate courses of action. High group cohesiveness, illusion of invulnerability, and a directive leader are all common symptoms of groupthink.

Question 19

The failure of American naval leaders to recognize the threat from the Japanese military in the days leading up to Pearl Harbor would most likely have been the result of

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon in which group members prioritize group harmony and consensus over critical evaluation of information or alternative viewpoints. In the case of American naval leaders before Pearl Harbor, it is believed that they were influenced by groupthink as they shared a belief in their superior military power and underestimated Japan's capabilities. This led to a failure to consider the possibility of a Japanese attack.

Question 20

In Latané and Darley's model of helping,all the following are steps in the decision EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Latané and Darley's model of helping does not include deciding whether the person deserves help as a step in the decision-making process. The other three choices (interpreting the event as an emergency, noticing the event, and considering what form of assistance is needed) are all steps in the decision.

Quiz 13: social Psychology