Question 1

Research on socioemotional selectivity theory Supporting the theory known as ____________,Isaacowitz's research on eye movements showed that older people prefer to look at the happy parts of a face.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for the theory that is supported by Isaacowitz's research on eye movements. The theory that is relevant here is socioemotional selectivity theory, which suggests that as people age, they become more focused on emotionally meaningful goals and relationships. Isaacowitz's research showed that older adults tend to focus more on positive aspects of their environment, and specifically prefer to look at the happy parts of a face, which fits with the idea of socioemotional selectivity theory.

Question 2

Type A and cardiovascular disease In the Type A behavior pattern,high scores on hostility seem strongly related to which health outcome?

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that high levels of hostility in individuals with Type A behavior pattern are strongly related to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Hostility can increase blood pressure, inflammation, and certain chemicals in the body that contribute to heart disease. Respiratory illness, major depression, and hearing loss are not strongly related to Type A behavior pattern or hostility.

Question 3

Meta-analysis of personality trait studies A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on aging and the Five Factor Model revealed that,across many of these studies,individuals increased up until the age of about 40 in which trait?

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found that individuals tend to increase in social dominance, a facet of extraversion, up until the age of about 40.

Question 4

Conscientiousness and drugs The personality trait within the Five Factor Model found to predict smoking and drug use in adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that low levels of conscientiousness are associated with higher rates of substance use and addiction. Conscientious individuals tend to be self-disciplined and goal-oriented, which may make them less likely to engage in risky behaviors such as substance use. On the other hand, individuals who are low in conscientiousness may be more impulsive and prone to seeking out new sensations, which can increase their likelihood of experimenting with drugs and alcohol. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Conscientiousness.

Question 5

Socioemotional selectivity theory choice- stem The amount of time a person has left to live is an important factor in personality according to which theory of development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Socioemotional selectivity theory choice- stem The amount...

Question 6

Possible self- choice The idea of what you could become at some point in the future is known as your:

Accepted Answer

The idea of what one could become at some point in the future is known as one's possible self. This includes aspirations, goals, and desired outcomes that a person envisions for their future self. It can encompass aspects such as career, social relationships, and personal accomplishments.

Question 7

Type A and cardiovascular disease- example A behavioral health specialist working on a cardiologist's hospital team is called in to conduct a session with a new patient.After determining that the patient fits the Type A Behavior Pattern,what would be the best way for her to try to help this patient decrease his future heart disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Type A behavior pattern is associated with increased hostility, which has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, working on reducing the patient's hostility would be the best approach to decrease his future heart disease risk. Family therapy, teaching him to be less agreeable, and acting out his feelings may not directly address the underlying issue of hostility.

Question 8

Correspondence principle- stem According to the correspondence principle,personality __________ is enhanced over adulthood because people selectively experience life events that reinforce their existing personalities.

Accepted Answer

The correspondence principle suggests that personality stability is enhanced over adulthood because people tend to selectively experience life events that reinforce their existing personalities. This means that individuals are more likely to seek out and participate in activities and relationships that align with their existing traits and beliefs, leading to a reinforcing of their personality over time. Choice B, change, is not supported by the correspondence principle in terms of personality development. Choice C, identity, is not directly related to the principle. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 9

Correspondence principle- choice The ________________ principle would predict that,over time,a highly agreeable person would be more liked by other people,which would further increase that person's agreeableness over the years of adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The correspondence principle suggests that personality traits remain relatively stable over time, and that people tend to behave consistently across situations. Therefore, a highly agreeable person would likely continue to behave in an agreeable manner over time, which could lead to increased popularity and social support. This, in turn, could reinforce the agreeable behavior and lead to further increases in agreeableness over the years of adulthood.

Question 10

Emotion-focused example- choice A 62-year-old woman was told by her physician,much to her own distress,that she needs to lose 15 pounds in order to reduce her risk of developing diabetes.Instead of following the physician's advice,though,she instead tries to make herself feel better by minimizing the importance of what she's just heard.This way of coping with stress is known as:

Accepted Answer

The woman is not directly addressing the problem by trying to lose weight (problem-focused) and she is not seeking support from others (support seeking). Instead, she is minimizing the importance of the information she received, which is a form of emotion-focused coping. The option of possible self-affirmation is not relevant to the scenario given.

Question 11

Socioemotional selectivity theory research Studies testing the predictions of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory involving eye tracking measurements while people look at facial stimuli note that younger adults,compared to older adults,are more likely to focus on parts of the face showing:

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory suggests that as people age, they prioritize emotionally meaningful goals and experiences. Research involving eye tracking has shown that younger adults are more likely to focus on parts of the face showing anger, a negative emotion, compared to older adults who tend to focus more on positive emotional expressions. This is consistent with the theory's prediction that younger adults are more attuned to acquiring information from their environment, including potentially threatening cues like anger, whereas older adults prioritize positive information.

Question 12

Prevention and personality Research conducted by Lodi-Smith comparing personality and preventive behaviors found that observer-rated personality traits were correlated with which measure relevant to health?

Accepted Answer

The research conducted by Lodi-Smith found that observer-rated personality traits were correlated with smoking, indicating that certain personality traits may be associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behaviors that require prevention efforts. The other options listed (Type A behavior, education, and blood pressure) were not found to be correlated with personality traits in this specific study.

Question 13

Affective functions of relationships As pointed out in socioemotional selectivity theory,people who value the _________ function of their relationships are likely to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time.

Accepted Answer

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, people who value the informational function of their relationships are likely to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time. The affective function of relationships, on the other hand, focuses more on emotional support and companionship. The mood-regulating and emotional functions may also be important for some individuals, but the question specifically asks about seeking advice and practical tips, which is more related to the informational function.

Question 14

NEO-PI-R- stem Researchers and clinicians use the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R)to study the _____________ model of personality in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The NEO-PI-R measures the five factor model of personality, which includes neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. It is used by researchers and clinicians to study personality in adulthood.

Question 15

Conscientiousness and IL-6 Lower levels of IL-6 were associated in research on the MIDUS with which FFM personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Lower levels of IL-6 were associated with conscientiousness, as stated in the question. The other FFM personality traits (hostility, openness, agreeableness) were not specifically mentioned in relation to IL-6 levels in the research.

Question 16

Socioemotional selectivity theory - stem Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that we feel closer to ____________ as we get closer to the end of our lives.

Accepted Answer

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, as people age and perceive their time left in life as limited, they prioritize emotional goals and become increasingly selective in their social relationships. As a result, they tend to focus and invest more in their close relationships and feel closer to their best friends.

Question 17

Problem-focused coping- stem People who use problem-focused coping are most likely to try to change ____________ when faced with a stressor.

Accepted Answer

People who use problem-focused coping try to change the situation rather than their internal state. They focus on practical solutions and taking action to address the stressor.

Question 18

Resilience- choice The quality of _______________ refers being able to the ability to recover from stress.

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to the ability to recover from stress and adapt to difficult situations. Extraversion refers to outgoingness and sociability, correspondence refers to communication and exchange of information, and attachment refers to emotional attachment or bonding. Therefore, C (resilience) is the correct answer.

Question 19

Trait perspective general The Five Factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories?

Accepted Answer

The Five Factor model of personality is a psychological theory within the trait perspective, which focuses on identifying and categorizing personality traits.

Question 20

Hostility and heart disease A cardiologist/Dr.Al Fresco/ sees many middle-aged and older patients who suffer from heart disease and all seem to share a certain personality trait.Based on longitudinal research on adults from college through midlife,which personality trait is this likely to be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hostility and heart disease A cardiologist/Dr.Al Fresco/...

Quiz 8: Personality and Patterns of Coping