Question 1

Adult learners The majority of adults ages 60 and older in the U.S.reportedly take adult education courses because they seek:

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, the majority of adults ages 60 and older take adult education courses because they seek personal interest, rather than career advancement, second or third degrees, or interactions with the young.

Question 2

Mental clutter The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:

Accepted Answer

Mental clutter refers to the inability to inhibit irrelevant information, which can lead to rambling or tangential speech. It does not necessarily impact an individual's ability to speak in an adult-like manner or repeat words. While it may impact their ability to focus on the gist of a story, this is not the primary characteristic of mental clutter.

Question 3

Bilingualism and aging on task-switching Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:

Accepted Answer

Bilingualism requires constantly switching between two languages, which is believed to strengthen executive functioning, including the ability to plan, inhibit irrelevant information, and shift between tasks. This can have benefits for problem-solving and working memory, but the strongest evidence is for executive functioning.

Question 4

Problem-solving changes in older adults In research on the attraction effect in problem solving,the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The attraction effect refers to how the presence of a less desirable option can increase the attractiveness of a more desirable option. The research suggests that older adults are less likely to be influenced by extraneous factors, meaning they are less affected by the presence of a less desirable option when making a decision. They are more likely to focus on the relevant information and make a more rational decision, which can be an advantage in problem-solving. Therefore, option C, extraneous factors, is the best choice.

Question 5

Formal operations The thinking involved in Piaget's stage of formal operations involves which type of ability?

Accepted Answer

The thinking involved in Piaget's stage of formal operations involves the ability to use abstract symbols and logic to solve problems.

Question 6

CHC model of visual processing In the CHC model of intelligence,length estimation would be considered a measure of:

Accepted Answer

In the CHC model of intelligence, visual processing is one of the broad categories of cognitive abilities. Length estimation involves the ability to process and manipulate visual information, making it a measure of visual processing. Processing speed, quantitative knowledge, and reaction and decision speed are all other broad categories of cognitive abilities within the CHC model, but they are not directly related to length estimation.

Question 7

Bilingualism and aging on Stroop Older bilingual speakers show performance deficits on which measure of executive functioning?

Accepted Answer

The Stroop task is a well-known measure of executive functioning that assesses an individual's ability to inhibit automatic responses and select a more appropriate response. Older bilingual speakers have been shown to have deficits on the Stroop task, likely due to the increased cognitive demands of processing and selecting between two languages.

Question 8

Previous experience and problem-solving As shown in research on decision-making,one advantage that older problem-solvers seems to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older problem-solvers have a greater ability to make the most out of information from prior experience. This implies that they are better equipped to utilize past experiences to aid in solving present problems.

Question 9

Problems with instructions Instruction manuals that use terms that are ________ are particularly challenging for older adults.

Accepted Answer

Older adults may have difficulty understanding instructions that use vague or abstract terms, as they may not be familiar with newer terminology or concepts. Clear and concise language can help ensure that instructions are easy to understand and follow.

Question 10

Dialectical thinking and post-formal operations The term dialectical thinking applies most closely to which concept based on Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

Dialectical thinking refers to the ability to consider and reconcile multiple perspectives or contradictions. This concept is most closely related to the post-formal operations stage in Piaget's theory, which is characterized by the recognition of complexity and ambiguity in situations and the ability to see multiple perspectives. Formal operations (choice A) refer to the ability to think logically and abstractly, which is a precursor to post-formal operations. Logical thought (choice B) is a broad term that can encompass both formal and post-formal operations. Fluid intelligence (choice D) is the ability to solve novel problems and adapt to new situations, which can be influenced by both formal and post-formal operations but is not directly related to dialectical thinking.

Question 11

Classic aging pattern The idea that intelligence tests such as the WAIS-IV show a peak in overall IQ in early adulthood is called the ____________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

The classic aging pattern refers to the typical pattern seen on intelligence tests, where scores on overall IQ peak in early adulthood and then gradually decline over time. This pattern is observed in the WAIS-IV, which is mentioned in the question stem. The other options (general factor, reserve capacity, Berlin wisdom) are not relevant to the concept of the classic aging pattern.

Question 12

Cohort effects in SLS An analysis of cohort effects in the SLS by Gerstorf and colleagues showed that later-born cohorts had higher scores than earlier-born cohorts on almost all measures,suggesting the effect of:

Accepted Answer

Exposure to technology has been shown to have a positive effect on cognitive abilities, and later-born cohorts have had more exposure to technology than earlier-born cohorts.

Question 13

Infantilization Older adults subjected to the process called _____________ are likely to view themselves as unable to carry out activities for themselves.

Accepted Answer

Infantilization is the process of treating older adults like children, which can lead them to view themselves as incapable of carrying out activities for themselves. This can be harmful and damaging to their sense of independence and self-esteem.

Question 14

Stages in problem-solving A technical repairperson is trying to determine the cause of a recent outage.The first step in the problem-solving is needed to repair the damage is for the repairperson to:

Accepted Answer

The first step in problem-solving is to assess the situation by evaluating all relevant factors. This will help the repairperson determine the cause of the outage and come up with a solution. Using trial-and-error or trying out different approaches without first assessing the situation can waste time and resources. Determining the efficacy of each solution used comes after a solution has been implemented.

Question 15

Crystallized increase example While playing "Words with Friends" with her 72-year-old grandmother,Frieda Lay is shocked to find that she is losing badly because her grandmother just seems to know so many more words.Frieda's grandmother is illustrating the fact that:

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence is the ability to use accumulated knowledge and experience, and it tends to increase throughout adulthood into the 70s. This is exemplified by Frieda's grandmother's impressive vocabulary knowledge. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 16

CHC model third level In the CHC model of intelligence,the third level is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

The third level in the CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) model of intelligence is considered to be "general ability," which encompasses broad cognitive capabilities that apply across a wide range of situations and tasks.

Question 17

Types of problems Problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:

Accepted Answer

Problems that involve definite, well-stated goals are often easier for older adults to solve because they have developed a lifetime of experience and knowledge to draw upon in finding appropriate solutions. Problems that are stated in vague or ambiguous terms can be more difficult to solve because the necessary information is not clearly defined. Problems that require using an unusual or novel strategy may be more challenging for older adults, especially those who are not used to thinking outside the box. Problems that place heavy demands on vocabulary skills may be difficult for older adults who have experienced some degree of cognitive decline.

Question 18

Everyday problems In solving everyday problems,older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?

Accepted Answer

Older adults often have more experience and wisdom in dealing with interpersonal issues, which can lead to higher scores on problems of an interpersonal nature compared to younger adults. This advantage is attributed to their lifetime of social interactions and experiences.

Question 19

SLS measures The measure of intelligence on which the SLS findings are based is the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of SLS measures The measure of intelligence on...

Question 20

Attraction effect- stem In research on the attraction effect in problem solving,the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The attraction effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of a third option that is inferior to one of the original options can increase the desirability of the superior option. Research suggests that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by extraneous factors, including the presence of an inferior option, and are more likely to rely on personal taste and product price when making purchasing decisions. Therefore, option C, extraneous factors, is the correct answer.

Quiz 7: Language, problem-Solving, and Intelligence