Question 1

Gompertz curve- stem The Gompertz curve shows the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

The Gompertz curve is used to model the relationship between age and mortality rate, showing that the older an individual gets, the higher their risk of death becomes. Therefore, the correct choice is C - death rate and age.

Question 2

Gompertz Curve- choice The ________ curve illustrates the relationship between death rate and age for different species.

Accepted Answer

The Gompertz curve is a mathematical model used to describe the mortality rate of a population as it ages. It is often used to illustrate the relationship between death rate and age for different species. Therefore, the correct choice is A) Gompertz curve. The other choices - B) Telomere, C) Mitochondrial, and D) Resveratrol - do not describe the relationship between death rate and age for different species.

Question 3

Identity assimilation example- choice A 70-year-old who refuses to think of herself as hearing impaired even though she truly has difficulty hearing conversations at ordinary levels,would be considered to show which identity process?

Accepted Answer

Identity assimilation is the process of integrating new information into an existing identity. In this example, the 70-year-old is refusing to acknowledge her hearing impairment and is instead assimilating it into her existing identity as someone without any hearing difficulties.

Question 4

Isolation concept- choice People who find it difficult to establish long-lasting,mutually satisfying,close relationships would be considered,in Erikson's theory,to be high on which specific quality?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that people who struggle with building close relationships may experience a sense of isolation. This is due to their inability to form intimate connections with others, leading to feelings of loneliness and detachment. Therefore, the correct choice is D-Isolation.

Question 5

Genome-wide linkage study- choice The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers study the entire genomes of family members who seem to have a higher risk of developing a particular disorder is known as what type of study?

Accepted Answer

The term "genome-wide linkage" specifically refers to the method of studying the entire genomes of family members who have a higher risk of a disorder to identify potential genetic markers or regions that may be linked to the disorder. This method involves analyzing the inheritance patterns of genetic variations across many chromosomes in affected and unaffected family members in order to identify regions that are consistently transmitted with the disorder.

Question 6

Modernization hypothesis- stem The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that:

Accepted Answer

The modernization hypothesis proposes that societies that value people based on their productivity and contribution to society will view older adults more negatively. This is because modernization tends to prioritize youth, efficiency, and economic growth, which can lead to negative attitudes toward aging and older adults. Emphasis on oral traditions (A), beliefs about the afterlife (B), and appearance-based pressure (D) are not directly related to the modernization hypothesis of ageism.

Question 7

Terror management theory- choice As proposed by terror management theory,the cause of ageism can be traced to:

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory proposes that ageism is caused by the anxiety people feel about their own deaths. As people age, they become more aware of their own mortality and may feel threatened by the reminders of aging and death that they see in older adults. This anxiety can lead to negative attitudes and stereotypes toward older adults.

Question 8

Autonomy in older adult example- stem An older adult faced with issues pertaining to autonomy vs.shame and doubt,in Erikson's theory,might be confronting which situation?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the second stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which occurs during early childhood. However, in older adults, this stage can resurface as they face issues pertaining to independence and control over their own lives. Moving to a nursing home can be a challenge to an older adult's sense of autonomy and may bring about feelings of shame and doubt. The other options do not directly relate to this stage of development.

Question 9

Piagetian Assimilation- choice When people are first confronted with new ideas or approaches,they often resist accepting them and instead use their existing schemas or ways of responding.According to Piaget,this process is called:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of assimilation refers to the process of incorporating new information or experiences into existing schemas or ways of responding. When people are first confronted with new ideas or approaches, they tend to use their existing schemas to make sense of them. This is the opposite of accommodation, which involves modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to better fit new information or experiences. Equilibrium refers to a state of balance between a person's cognitive structures and their experiences, while epigenesis refers to the emergence or development of new structures or abilities over time. Therefore, the best choice in this scenario is B, assimilation.

Question 10

Selective optimization with compensation model The selective optimization with compensation model proposes that older adults engage in what type of behavior when faced with loss?

Accepted Answer

According to the selective optimization with compensation model, older adults focus on and put more energy into the abilities which they care about the most when faced with loss. This allows them to still achieve their goals, albeit in a different way, rather than disengage from social roles and obligations. Seeking help from younger adults may also be a strategy, but it is not the main approach proposed by the model.

Question 11

Multiple jeopardy- stem The multiple jeopardy hypothesis proposes that ageism will be most severe for people who have which characteristic?

Accepted Answer

The multiple jeopardy hypothesis suggests that individuals who belong to more than one minority group, such as being older and also belonging to a racial or ethnic minority group, will experience more severe ageism than those who belong to only one minority group or none at all.

Question 12

Identity balance example- choice A person using the process of identity balance would have which reaction to age-related changes in physical functioning?

Accepted Answer

A person using the process of identity balance would maintain a stable view of self despite changes in physical functioning. They would acknowledge the changes, but not allow them to negatively impact their sense of self. The other options (B, C, D) involve either denying or reacting negatively to the aging process, which does not align with the process of identity balance.

Question 13

Initiative example- choice A man in his 50s finds that he does his best work when he allows himself to daydream or even take a break and play a video game.According to Erikson,this man would be high in the quality of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, during the stage of initiative versus guilt (ages 3-6), children develop a sense of purpose through play and imagination. This sense of initiative allows people to initiate tasks and explore their environment without fear of punishment, which can lead to creativity and productivity. The man in this example is allowing himself to engage in playful and imaginative activities, which suggests that he is high in the quality of initiative.

Question 14

Genome-wide Association study- choice The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers scan the entire genome looking for signs of genetic disorders is known as what type of study?

Accepted Answer

Genome-wide association study involves scanning the entire genome to identify genetic variants associated with a particular trait or disease. This method does not require prior knowledge of the genetic location of a disease, unlike genome-wide linkage, which relies on identification of genetic markers to track the inheritance of a disease-causing gene in families. Mutation analysis is a more targeted approach, typically focused on sequencing a specific gene or genes of interest. Random error investigation is not a recognized term in this context.

Question 15

Multiple threshold model- stem The multiple threshold model of aging predicts that people will experience challenges to their identities as they get older in a ______________ manner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Multiple threshold model- stem The multiple threshold...

Question 16

Industry vs.inferiority example- stem People who resolve the industry vs.inferiority issue associated with Erikson's psychosocial theory unfavorably are likely to have difficulty in which area of development?

Accepted Answer

People who resolve the industry vs. inferiority issue negatively may struggle with identifying with the work ethic, being productive, and feeling competent. This can lead to difficulty in finding and maintaining employment or experiencing fulfillment and success in their careers.

Question 17

Self-efficacy- choice The feeling that a person is able to succeed at a specific type of task is referred to as ______________

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to succeed at a particular task or in a specific situation. It is a key component of Bandura's social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the importance of self-beliefs in shaping behavior and motivation. Selective optimization refers to the process of choosing specific goals and optimizing one's efforts towards achieving those goals, while identity accommodation refers to the process of adjusting one's identity to fit new roles or experiences. Ego integrity is a concept from Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which refers to the sense of wholeness and satisfaction that comes from having lived a full life.

Question 18

Selective optimization with compensation model- Choice In the Selective Optimization with ____________ model,older adults are proposed to cut down on the abilities they are weak and make up with the abilities on which they show greater potential for improvement.

Accepted Answer

The Selective Optimization with Compensation model proposes that older adults should selectively optimize their strengths while compensating for their weaknesses in order to maintain a high level of functioning. This involves cutting down on the activities or abilities in which they are weak and focusing instead on activities or abilities in which they have greater potential for improvement. Therefore, the correct choice is B) Compensation.

Question 19

Identity accommodation- choice In the process called identity ______________,people are able to accept negative information about themselves as part of their sense of self without feeling unduly disturbed or devastated.

Accepted Answer

Identity accommodation is the process of modifying one's identity to incorporate new information or experiences that challenge previous beliefs or self-conceptions. It involves accepting negative information about oneself and integrating it into one's self-concept without causing significant distress or undermining self-esteem. Assimilation, on the other hand, is the process of fitting new information into existing cognitive structures, while reflection and balance are not specifically related to the process of identity accommodation.

Question 20

Generativity example- stem In Erikson's theory,which of the following behaviors would be considered specific to a person high in generativity?

Accepted Answer

Generativity is the seventh stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurring during middle adulthood. It involves a concern for future generations and a desire to contribute to society. Mentoring a younger colleague is an example of this behavior, as it involves sharing knowledge and experience to help someone else develop and succeed. The other options do not necessarily involve generativity - A is more related to identity formation, C involves risk-taking behavior, and D involves appreciation of beauty rather than contribution to society.

Quiz 2: Models of Development: Nature and Nurture in Adulthood