Question 1

Mary is the manager of Peace,an international campaigning organization where volunteers work without being paid.Which of the following needs should Mary focus on to increase the productivity of the volunteers?

Accepted Answer

Since the volunteers are not being paid, they are likely involved in the organization due to a personal passion or commitment to the cause. As such, respecting their choices to volunteer and acknowledging their contributions can help increase their motivation and productivity. While physical well-being and safety are important considerations in any workplace, they may not necessarily apply in the same way to a volunteer organization. Biological maintenance and protection are also not relevant in this context.

Question 2

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following may create conditions for psychological failure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which...

Question 3

The CEO of a company has a good compensation,a house,a family and lots of friends.He is respected by his employees and is recognized as an efficient manager.Now he wants to start his own company.Which of the following needs is he responding to?

Accepted Answer

The CEO's current situation suggests that his physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs are already met. Thus, his desire to start his own company suggests that he is motivated by the need for self-actualization, which is the desire to fulfill one's potential and achieve one's dreams. Starting his own company would allow him to use his skills and expertise in a new and challenging endeavor, and to realize his full potential as an entrepreneur.

Question 4

Argyris's theory of adult personality differs from the scientific management theory in that,Argyris's theory:

Accepted Answer

Argyris's theory criticizes the principle of specialization, whereas scientific management theory relies heavily on the principle of specialization to improve efficiency. Option A, B, C, and D are not related to Argyris's theory of adult personality.

Question 5

Michelle is a manager who assumes that her workers are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed.She encourages them to be more involved in their jobs and grants them reasonable freedom.Michelle's subordinates are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Michelle's assumption and management style creates a positive and empowering work culture where the subordinates are likely to take initiatives and be more involved in their jobs. They are not likely to act passively, become dependent, perform reluctantly, or perform irresponsibly.

Question 6

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following creates dependent and passive workers?

Accepted Answer

Argyris's theory of adult personality suggests that bureaucratic structures create dependent and passive workers by limiting their autonomy and discouraging personal growth.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm another's expectations, leading to the fulfillment of those expectations. It is not dependent on whether a manager holds Theory X or Theory Y assumptions, and it may occur regardless of the situational demands or management practices in place.

Question 8

The worker of a company is motivated by the need for security,protection,and stability in the events of day-to-day life.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs has already been satisfied?

Accepted Answer

The need for security, protection, and stability is related to physical well-being, and this need must be fulfilled before individuals can progress to other higher-level needs, such as recognition, affection, mastery, and self-fulfillment.

Question 9

Theory X is similar to Theory Y in that managers holding Theory X assumptions:

Accepted Answer

Managers holding Theory X assumptions believe that people are inherently lazy and require strict supervision and external motivation to work. This can create a self-fulfilling prophecy where workers feel unmotivated and disengaged due to controlling management practices.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs refer to the need to reach one's full potential and achieve personal growth, which includes the need for self-fulfillment. Mastery is also related to self-actualization, but it is more focused on skill development and competence in a particular area. Affection, protection, and physical well-being are examples of lower-level physiological and safety needs.

Question 11

Recognition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Recognition is an example of Esteem needs because it involves the need to be valued and respected by others, which is a key aspect of self-esteem.

Question 12

Ross is a manager who assumes that his workers dislike work and act irresponsibly.He tries to command and control his workers in every possible way.According to the self-fulfilling prophecy,his workers are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

The self-fulfilling prophecy suggests that people tend to live up to the expectations that others have of them. In this case, Ross expects his workers to dislike work and act irresponsibly, and therefore, they are likely to become passive and dependent, as this behavior aligns with Ross's expectations.

Question 13

Argyris's theory of adult personality is similar to the Theory Y in that,Argyris's theory:

Accepted Answer

Argyris's theory argues that managers must treat people as responsible adults, rather than assuming they are inherently lazy or unmotivated. This is similar to Theory Y, which also assumes that people are motivated by more than just financial incentives and prefer to take responsibility for their work.

Question 14

Sheldon works in a company where he gets minimum wages.He does not have sufficient money to pay his medical bills.His manager offers to award him with the "Best worker certificate" if he increases his productivity.This offer fails to motivate him.Which of the following explains Sheldon's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sheldon works in a company where he...

Question 15

According to Argyris:

Accepted Answer

Argyris believed in the idea of treating people as responsible adults and giving them a positive work environment to maximize productivity. This is in contrast to option E, which suggests that people dislike work and prefer to be led. Option B and C are not directly related to Argyris' beliefs, and option D is not a known principle associated with him.

Question 16

According to Theory Y:

Accepted Answer

Theory Y is based on the assumption that people are motivated by more than just money or rewards, but also by a desire for self-fulfillment and personal development. It suggests that people are willing to work and take responsibility, and are capable of being self-directed and creative in their work. This is in contrast to Theory X, which assumes that people are inherently lazy and need to be forced or controlled to work.

Question 17

The worker of a company earns a wage that gives him good food,water,and good health.He also has a good house to live in.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs is most likely to motivate him next?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The worker of a company earns a...

Question 18

According to Theory X:

Accepted Answer

According to Theory X, people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly, and prefer to be led. This theory assumes that people are inherently lazy and need to be coerced or threatened to work effectively.

Question 19

Which of the following matches correctly?

Accepted Answer

Physical well-being is a part of physiological needs, which are the most basic needs according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The other options do not match correctly with the respective needs.

Question 20

At the level of ________ needs,the deficit and progression principles cease to operate.

Accepted Answer

The deficit and progression principles only apply to lower level needs, such as physiological, safety, social, and esteem. Self-actualization needs are concerns with personal growth and fulfillment, which do not operate on a deficit basis. Therefore, the answer is A) self-actualization.

Quiz 2: Management Learning Past to Present