Question 1

Which one of the following psychological therapies does not have strong empirical support?

Accepted Answer

Deep-sleep therapy is not a recognized psychological therapy and therefore does not have empirical support.

Question 2

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy theorists accord a central role to evoking emotions and to facilitating change through a process of

Accepted Answer

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy theorists believe in the importance of evoking and fully experiencing emotions as part of the process of gaining insight and initiating change. This process of emotional release and expression is known as catharsis.

Question 3

The onus of following legal requirements of practice fall on:

Accepted Answer

The legal requirements of practice fall on the psychologist, as they are responsible for adhering to the ethical and legal guidelines specific to their profession. While clinics may have policies in place to support legal compliance, the ultimate responsibility lies with the individual practitioner. The person seeking services and the court may have their own roles to play in legal matters related to the practice, but they are not primarily responsible for adhering to legal requirements.

Question 4

Later interpersonal psychotherapy sessions are tailored to the client's specific needs and may include addressing one or all of the following themes, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal psychotherapy does not focus on aversive cognitions as it is primarily concerned with the client's interpersonal relationships and how they may have contributed to the client's current symptoms. The other three options - grief, role disputes/transitions, and interpersonal deficits - are common themes addressed in later IPT sessions.

Question 5

According to psychodynamic theorists, it is inevitable that the client's core interpersonal conflicts will be repeated in the relationship with the therapist. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transference refers to the way in which the client's past experiences and relationships are unconsciously projected onto the therapist. This can provide important insight into the client's core interpersonal conflicts, but it can also create challenges in the therapeutic relationship as the therapist must navigate the client's expectations and reactions based on these projections.

Question 6

The first phase of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression involves assessment of the symptoms as well as

Accepted Answer

The first phase of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression involves assessment of the symptoms and an examination of the patient's relationships, as interpersonal problems are believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. A comprehensive medical background is important, but not specific to this phase. Seeing the client in the workplace and assigning behavioral homework may occur in later phases of therapy.

Question 7

A central characteristic of process-experiential therapies is the emphasis on in-session

Accepted Answer

Process-experiential therapies emphasize the experiencing and expression of affect in session, which refers to emotions, feelings, and bodily sensations. Therapists in this approach promote emotional awareness and expression as a way of facilitating healing and growth.

Question 8

Among techniques used by the Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy therapist to alter maladaptive patterns, one is NOT to offer:

Accepted Answer

The Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy therapist does not typically use control to alter maladaptive patterns, as this approach focuses on helping clients to become more self-aware and to make their own choices and changes. Instead, the therapist may offer reflection, clarification, and interpretation to support clients in understanding their patterns and making changes based on this new awareness.

Question 9

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy involves face-to-face sessions conducted:

Accepted Answer

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy typically involves face-to-face sessions conducted once or twice a week for between 16 and 30 sessions. This frequency and duration has been found to be effective in addressing specific issues and achieving therapeutic goals within a manageable timeframe.

Question 10

Themes from both drive and ego theories were blended in _______ that noted that infants tend to categorize their experiences into good and bad. As children mature, they learn that each person has both positive and negative qualities. If, however, they do not learn this, they are prone to chaotic relationships, because they act as though people are either all good or all bad.

Accepted Answer

Object relations theory blends both drive and ego theories and notes that infants learn to categorize their experiences into good and bad. As children mature, they learn that each person has both positive and negative qualities. This theory also suggests that failure to learn this can lead to chaotic relationships, as individuals act as though people are either all good or all bad.

Question 11

A core ethical issue of clinical services is that the psychologist cannot proceed with any psychological service without

Accepted Answer

The client's agreement to receive services is necessary for ethical reasons and follows the principles of informed consent. The psychologist must ensure that clients understand the nature of the services being provided, their potential benefits and risks, and any alternatives available before proceeding with any psychological service. Payment, knowing the client's medical history, and interviewing the client's immediate family are not essential ethical considerations for providing psychological services.

Question 12

A central theme of Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy is examination of:

Accepted Answer

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy places a significant emphasis on the transference relationship and the role it plays in the client's current and past relationships. The therapist helps the client explore how past emotional experiences with significant others may be influencing their current relationships and behaviors.

Question 13

___________ focuses on changing problems with other people that are related to the onset, maintenance, and relapse of depressive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on addressing problems in relationships with others that may contribute to depressive symptoms. This can include addressing communication difficulties, conflicts, and patterns of behavior that may be reinforcing negative emotions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy also addresses maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior, but does not have the same focus on interpersonal relationships.

Question 14

Behavioral approaches are based on the assumption that problem behaviors are learned and that faulty learning can be

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioral approaches are based on the assumption...

Question 15

______________ refers to the therapist's emotional reaction to the client.

Accepted Answer

Counter-transference refers to the therapist's emotional reaction to the client. It can include feelings such as attraction, irritation, or pity towards the client, which may affect the therapist's ability to provide effective treatment. It is important for therapists to recognize and manage their counter-transference reactions to ensure the therapy remains focused on the client's needs.

Question 16

There are, unfortunately, some psychological treatments that can cause harm, such as:

Accepted Answer

Scared straight and rebirthing therapy have been shown to be potentially harmful and are not recommended by most mental health experts. Sleep deprivation and shaking therapy can also be harmful if not done properly, but they are not recognized as accredited forms of treatment. Starvation and crying therapy are not recognized forms of treatment, and asphyxiation and breathing therapy should only be done by trained professionals and under appropriate, controlled conditions.

Question 17

It is insufficient to simply obtain the client's signature at the bottom of a jargon-filled description of services; the psychologist must provide:

Accepted Answer

It is important for the psychologist to provide a comprehensible account of services so that the client can make an informed decision about pursuing services. Simply obtaining a signature on a document that the client may not fully understand does not meet ethical standards. Providing a clear and understandable description of services also helps to establish trust and rapport between the psychologist and client.

Question 18

Behavioral therapy requires:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy is focused on identifying specific goals for behavior change and is oriented toward the future, with a focus on what clients can do differently in the present and moving forward. This approach emphasizes a practical, problem-solving approach that is goal-driven and focused on concrete, observable behaviors.

Question 19

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapies are grounded in psychodynamic principles that originated in the work of Sigmund Freud emphasizing the importance of

Accepted Answer

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapies, while focusing on immediate problems and attempting to help clients find quicker resolutions, still base their understanding of human behavior on psychodynamic principles. These principles, originating from Freud's work, emphasize the importance of innate, biological drives and how individuals manage these drives in the context of societal norms and expectations.

Question 20

One of the therapist's first tasks (from a dynamic perspective) is to:

Accepted Answer

From a dynamic perspective, the development of a therapeutic alliance and positive transference are considered essential in creating an environment in which the client feels comfortable exploring unconscious material. Without this alliance, the client may not feel safe enough to fully engage in the therapy process. Therefore, it is one of the therapist's first tasks to create and maintain this alliance. Establishing a payment method and remembering the client's name are important but secondary tasks, while telling the client they will only get better if they come to therapy weekly may not be true for everyone and could potentially cause resistance.

Quiz 11: Intervention: Overview