Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
A) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
C) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body, as they dissolve in water and are excreted through urine if not used by the body immediately. This is in contrast to fat-soluble vitamins, which can be stored in large amounts in the body and are not excreted as easily.

Question 2

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
A) heme.
B) oxalic acid.
C) phenol.
D) pyridoxine.

Accepted Answer

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is oxalic acid. Heme is a type of iron found in animal foods, phenol is a type of compound found in various foods, and pyridoxine is a type of vitamin B6.

Question 3

The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?
A) vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C
B) vitamin D and vitamin K
C) vitamin E and vitamin A
D) thiamin and niacin

Accepted Answer

The human body can synthesize vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight, and bacteria in the large intestine can produce vitamin K. The other vitamins listed must be obtained through the diet or supplements.

Question 4

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
A) coenzymes
B) binding factors
C) vitamins and minerals
D) supplements

Accepted Answer

Vitamins and minerals were once referred to as accessory factors due to their essential role in small amounts for the proper functioning of the body's metabolism, acting as co-factors for enzymes.

Question 5

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
A) fat.
B) calcium.
C) fiber.
D) vitamin C.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they dissolve in fat and are best absorbed when consumed with fat-containing foods.

Question 6

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Accepted Answer

While it is true that water-soluble vitamins are generally considered less toxic than fat-soluble vitamins, consuming megadoses of certain water-soluble vitamins can still lead to toxicity symptoms and adverse health effects. For example, excessive intake of vitamin C can cause digestive disturbances, while overconsumption of vitamin B6 can lead to nerve damage. Therefore, it's important to follow the recommended daily intake levels for water-soluble vitamins to avoid potential harm.

Question 7

Macronutrients are more efficiently absorbed by the body than micronutrients.

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are absorbed more efficiently than micronutrients because they are required in larger amounts by the body and are therefore more easily transported across the intestinal wall.

Question 8

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?
A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body. The liver stores about 2-5 mg of vitamin B₁₂, which can last for several years. In contrast, other water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C cannot be stored in large amounts and excess amounts are excreted in the urine.

Question 9

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing
A) cataracts.
B) colon cancer.
C) osteoporosis.
D) type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer. While vitamin D is also important for maintaining bone health (preventing osteoporosis), reducing the risk of cataracts, and managing type 2 diabetes, the evidence for these associations is not as strong as for colon cancer.

Question 10

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate
A) the compound from which the vitamins are synthesized.
B) the order of importance that the vitamins play in the body.
C) the abbreviation of the vitamins' chemical name.
D) the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.

Accepted Answer

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) indicate the chronological order in which they were discovered. Vitamin A was the first to be discovered, followed by vitamins D, E, and K.

Question 11

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as
A) ascorbic acid.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) vitamin K.
D) vitamin B₆.

Accepted Answer

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are both forms of vitamin K, which is important for blood clotting and bone metabolism. Vitamin B₁₂ is not related to vitamin K, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and vitamin B₆ do not have the word "quinone" in their names.

Question 12

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
A) vitamins A and D
B) vitamins C and K
C) vitamins E and B₁₂
D) thiamin and riboflavin

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A and D are fat-soluble vitamins, which means that they can accumulate in the body and pose a greater risk of toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts. This is especially true for vitamin A, which can cause birth defects, liver damage, and other serious health problems if consumed in high amounts over a prolonged period of time. Vitamin D toxicity is rare but can cause a buildup of calcium in the blood, leading to kidney damage and other complications.

Question 13

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of water-soluble vitamins from supplements can lead to toxicity, as they are easily excreted in urine and do not accumulate in the body like fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when taking high-potency vitamin supplements and to follow recommended daily intake guidelines.

Question 14

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?
A) ≥ 10
B) ≥ 50
C) ≥ 100
D) ≥ 200

Accepted Answer

A megadose of a vitamin is typically defined as consuming 10 or more times the recommended daily intake.

Question 15

Fat-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K) are stored in the body for longer periods of time and can accumulate to toxic levels if consumed in excess, while water-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin C and most B vitamins) are not stored in the body and need to be consumed more frequently. Therefore, the statement is false.

Question 16

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are actually considered essential nutrients as they cannot be naturally produced by the body in sufficient quantities and must be obtained through diet or supplementation.

Question 17

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
A) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver.
B) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver (A), over-consumption of them can lead to toxicity (B), and they are absorbed along with dietary fat (D). However, fat-soluble vitamins are not needed to be consumed on a daily basis as they can be stored in the body for longer periods of time.

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace mineral?
A) iron
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) calcium

Accepted Answer

Iron is a trace mineral as it is required by the body in small amounts (less than 100 mg per day). Vitamin B12, vitamin C, and calcium are not trace minerals, as they are required in larger amounts by the body.

Question 19

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?
A) pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
B) retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
C) cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
D) phylloquinone and menaquinone

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine are the three forms of vitamin B₆ that are commonly referred to as the "umbrella" of compounds.

Question 20

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who
A) do not eat green vegetables.
B) avoid dairy products.
C) have a fat malabsorption disorder.
D) are overweight.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) require dietary fat to be absorbed and transported to the body. Therefore, people with a fat malabsorption disorder such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or liver disease may not be able to absorb these vitamins properly, leading to deficiencies. Deficiencies are not necessarily linked to avoiding specific food groups or being overweight.

Quiz 30: vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is

The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Macronutrients are more efficiently absorbed by the body than micronutrients.

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?

Fat-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who