According to your text,a strong culture can act as a substitute for:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A strong culture can provide a shared set of values and norms that guide behavior without the need for formal rules and regulations. This is known as "informal control" and can be a substitute for formalisation. While rewards, institutionalisation, and socialisation are all important aspects of organizational life, they are not necessarily substitutes for formalisation.

According to Your Text,a Strong Culture Can Act as a Substitute