The essence of the Hawthorne studies was to manipulate a variety of workplace factors and measure the effects on worker performance.

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The Hawthorne studies were a series of experiments conducted at the Western Electric Company's Hawthorne Works in the 1920s and 1930s to study the effects of various workplace factors such as lighting, breaks, and incentives on worker productivity. The studies revealed that factors such as social dynamics, leadership, and worker involvement also had a significant impact on performance, leading to the development of the human relations approach to management.

The Essence of the Hawthorne Studies Was to Manipulate a Variety