Question 1

Which of the following represents a company's investment in developing its human capital?
A) Training employees to develop skills
B) Encouraging team-building in the company
C) Starting a company basketball team
D) Following the required safety regulations
E) Improving the product development process

Accepted Answer

Training employees to develop skills represents a company's investment in developing its human capital by improving the knowledge, abilities, and expertise of employees through various training programs.

Question 2

_____ calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner,instead of trying to rely on "one best way."
A) The contingency approach
B) McGregor's Theory X
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) Taylorism
E) The human relations approach

Accepted Answer

The contingency approach emphasizes the need to use management concepts and techniques in a way that is most appropriate for the specific situation, rather than relying on a universal "one best way." It recognizes that different situations require different management approaches, and encourages managers to be flexible and adaptive in their approach to leadership. McGregor's Theory X, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Taylorism, and the human relations approach are all management theories or approaches, but they do not specifically emphasize situational appropriateness as the contingency approach does.

Question 3

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the individual level is about:
A) responsibility and nurturance.
B) altruism and civility.
C) courage and forgiveness.
D) well-being and contentment.
E) civic virtues and citizenship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the...

Question 4

_____ is defined as the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured,developed,and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace.
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Positive organizational behavior
C) McGregor's Theory XY
D) The contingency approach
E) Positive predictive value

Accepted Answer

Positive organizational behavior (POB) is a field of study that focuses on the strengths and capabilities of individuals that can be leveraged to enhance performance and productivity in the workplace. POB is based on the belief that individuals and organizations can thrive by utilizing their strengths rather than focusing on weaknesses or deficits. This includes the application of positive psychology principles, such as resilience, optimism, creativity, and emotional intelligence, to improve individual and organizational outcomes.

Question 5

Which of these is a Theory X assumption about people at work?
A) Work is a natural activity.
B) People are capable of self-direction if they are committed to objectives.
C) The typical employee can learn to accept and seek responsibility.
D) People become committed to objectives if they are rewarded for doing so.
E) Most people prefer to be directed.

Accepted Answer

Theory X assumes that most people are not self-motivated and prefer to be directed, which is reflected in option E. Option A reflects Theory Y, which assumes that work is a natural activity for individuals. Option B reflects a mix of Theory Y and X assumptions, as it assumes that individuals can be self-directed if they are committed to objectives. Option C reflects a Theory Y assumption that individuals can learn to accept and seek responsibility. Option D reflects a mix of Theory Y and X assumptions, as it assumes that individuals can be motivated by rewards for achieving objectives.

Question 6

_____ is the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions.
A) Social cost
B) Optimism
C) Motivation
D) Teamwork
E) Human capital

Accepted Answer

Human capital refers to the skills, knowledge, and experiences possessed by an individual that can be used to create economic value. It is the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions, and can be enhanced through education, training, and experience.

Question 7

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the group level is about:
A) valued subjective experiences.
B) hope and contentment.
C) the capacity for love and vocation.
D) civic virtues and altruism.
E) high talent and wisdom.

Accepted Answer

The group level in the multi-level approach to positive psychology is focused on civic virtues and altruism, such as the development of social responsibility, teamwork, and community involvement. This level emphasizes the importance of positive relationships and interpersonal connections, and encourages individuals to contribute to the greater good of society.

Question 8

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the subjective level is about:
A) courage and perseverance.
B) citizenship and work ethic.
C) flow and happiness.
D) civic virtues and institutions.
E) selfishness and greed.

Accepted Answer

The subjective level is focused on individual experiences and emotions such as happiness and flow. Courage, perseverance, citizenship, work ethic, civic virtues, and institutions are all part of other levels in the multi-level approach to positive psychology. Selfishness and greed are not part of any level in positive psychology.

Question 9

Which approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner?
A) The one-best-way approach
B) Human relations approach
C) Theory X management approach
D) Contingency approach
E) Theory Y management approach

Accepted Answer

The contingency approach emphasizes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to management and that the most effective management style and techniques are those that are situationally appropriate. This approach recognizes that each situation is unique and requires a tailored approach that is sensitive to the context and circumstances. Therefore, the contingency approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner.

Question 10

The 1960 book titled 'The Human Side of Enterprise' was written by:
A) Elton Mayo.
B) Douglas McGregor.
C) Fredrick Taylor.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Clayton Christensen.

Accepted Answer

'The Human Side of Enterprise' was written by Douglas McGregor in 1960, where he introduced his Theory X and Theory Y management styles.

Question 11

The CHOSE acronym that identifies the five key dimensions of positive organizational behaviour was created by:
A) Douglas McGregor.
B) Elton Mayo.
C) Fredrick Taylor.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Fred Luthans.

Accepted Answer

The CHOSE acronym was created by Fred Luthans, a pioneer in positive organizational behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the productive potential of strong,trusting,and cooperative relationships?
A) Social capital
B) Skills
C) Motivation
D) Social cost
E) Human capital

Accepted Answer

Social capital refers to the productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships, which can lead to greater social and economic outcomes. Skills, motivation, and human capital refer to individual attributes, whereas social cost refers to the negative consequences of economic activity on society or the environment.

Question 13

Which of these is a way to develop social capital within an organization?
A) Building knowledge
B) Skills training
C) Economic motivation
D) Forming sports teams
E) Product development

Accepted Answer

Forming sports teams is a way to develop social capital within an organization as it brings people together in a non-work setting, allowing them to bond and potentially form connections that could help them in their work. Building knowledge and skills training may lead to personal and professional growth, but may not necessarily directly contribute to social capital within an organization. Economic motivation and product development are not ways to develop social capital.

Question 14

John has always believed that his employees are lazy and they dislike work.He is afraid that if he does not provide close direction and supervision,they will goof off.John's managerial style conforms to:
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
B) the findings of the Hawthorne studies.
C) Mary Follet's theories.
D) the human relations view.
E) McGregor's Theory X.

Accepted Answer

John's belief that his employees are lazy and need close supervision aligns with McGregor's Theory X, which assumes that employees have an inherent dislike for work and must be closely monitored to ensure productivity.

Question 15

A present or future employee with the right combination of knowledge,skills,and motivation to excel represents _____ with the potential to give the organization a competitive advantage.
A) human capital
B) a whistle-blower
C) a Theory X employee
D) a competence oppressor
E) a competence suppressor

Accepted Answer

"Human capital" refers to the collective knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees that can be leveraged by an organization to gain a competitive advantage. The other choices are not relevant or have negative connotations.

Question 16

Which of these is a Theory Y assumption about people at work?
A) People can learn to accept and seek responsibility.
B) Most people dislike work.
C) Most people actually prefer to be directed.
D) People require close direction when they are working.
E) People are interested only in security.

Accepted Answer

Theory Y assumes that people can learn to accept and seek responsibility, which suggests that they are motivated and capable of self-direction.

Question 17

As a production manager of Great Golf Products (GGP),Hannah believes that her employees are capable of self-direction and self-control.She also believes that they are committed to GGP's objectives since they are rewarded for doing so.According to Douglas McGregor's system,Hannah can be described as a:
A) Theory X manager.
B) social capital manager.
C) Six Sigma manager.
D) Theory Y manager.
E) Hawthorne manager.

Accepted Answer

According to Douglas McGregor's theory, there are two types of managers: Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers believe that employees are inherently lazy, avoid responsibility, and need to be micromanaged to achieve goals. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, believe that employees are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and can be trusted to work independently. Since Hannah believes in her employees' self-direction, self-control, and commitment, she can be described as a Theory Y manager.

Question 18

Contingency theory in management grew from the awareness that:
A) organizational behavior theories are incorrect.
B) organizational behavior theories cannot be applied to all situations.
C) McGregor's Theory Y made more sense than McGregor's Theory X.
D) it is important to rely on the "one best method" in all cases.
E) Theory Y management is a barrier to employee well-being.

Accepted Answer

Contingency theory in management recognizes that there is no one best way to manage and that the most effective management approach depends on the specific situation or contingency. This is in contrast to earlier organizational behavior theories, such as those based on McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, which suggest a specific approach to management regardless of the situation. Contingency theory recognizes that different situations call for different management approaches.

Question 19

According to the researchers in the Hawthorne studies,the results from the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that employee performance can be improved by:
A) developing a formal procedure for collective bargaining.
B) developing a code of ethics for the organization.
C) following an autocratic leadership style.
D) attending to individual needs and group dynamics.
E) formulating a mission statement for the organization.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies found that attending to individual needs and group dynamics improved employee performance. This was shown through experiments where researchers manipulated factors such as work hours and breaks, and observed changes in worker productivity. These studies highlighted the importance of understanding human behavior and social dynamics in the workplace, and paved the way for developments in organizational behavior and human resource management.

Question 20

The 1933 book "The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization",which advised managers to attend to employees' emotional needs,was written by:
A) Mary Parker Follet.
B) Fredrick Taylor.
C) Elton Mayo.
D) Douglas McGregor.
E) Clayton Christensen.

Accepted Answer

Elton Mayo wrote "The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization" in 1933, focusing on the importance of considering employees' emotional needs in management practices.

Quiz 1: Needed: People-Centered Managers and Workplaces

Which of the following represents a company's investment in developing its human capital?

_____ calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner,instead of trying to rely on "one best way."

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the individual level is about:

_____ is defined as the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured,developed,and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace.

Which of these is a Theory X assumption about people at work?

_____ is the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions.

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the group level is about:

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the subjective level is about:

Which approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner?

The 1960 book titled 'The Human Side of Enterprise' was written by:

The CHOSE acronym that identifies the five key dimensions of positive organizational behaviour was created by:

Which of the following refers to the productive potential of strong,trusting,and cooperative relationships?

Which of these is a way to develop social capital within an organization?

John has always believed that his employees are lazy and they dislike work.He is afraid that if he does not provide close direction and supervision,they will goof off.John's managerial style conforms to:

A present or future employee with the right combination of knowledge,skills,and motivation to excel represents _____ with the potential to give the organization a competitive advantage.

Which of these is a Theory Y assumption about people at work?

Contingency theory in management grew from the awareness that:

According to the researchers in the Hawthorne studies,the results from the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that employee performance can be improved by:

The 1933 book "The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization",which advised managers to attend to employees' emotional needs,was written by: