Question 1

The process by which babies develop secure attachment depends on whether or not they experience

Accepted Answer

The process by which babies develop secure attachment depends on contingent responsiveness, meaning that caregivers respond promptly and consistently to the baby's needs and signals. This type of interaction helps the baby feel safe and secure, leading to the development of a secure attachment style. Kangaroo bonding and breastfeeding can also be beneficial for bonding, but they are not the primary factors in developing secure attachment. Unconditional regard generally refers to an attitude of acceptance and love, but it is not a specific factor in attachment development.

Question 2

Parental sensitivity to infants can be seen in parent-infant interactions:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parental sensitivity to infants can be seen...

Question 3

Toddlers' behavior of resisting going to bed or taking a nap might be an expression of:

Accepted Answer

Toddlers' behavior of resisting going to bed or taking a nap can be attributed to various factors. Firstly, it can be an expression of their developing autonomy needs as they learn to assert their independence and control over their own lives. Secondly, it can stem from their reluctance to separate from their parents or primary caretakers, which can cause anxiety and distress. Finally, a fear of the dark or other nighttime fears can also contribute to their resistance towards sleeping. Therefore, all of the given options are possible reasons why toddlers may resist going to bed or taking a nap.

Question 4

Which of the following describe/s parents who engage in more complex thinking about impending parenthood:

Accepted Answer

All three options are supported by research indicating that parents who engage in more complex thinking about impending parenthood tend to be better adjusted, have higher levels of self-esteem, experience less depression, and have improved marital satisfaction.

Question 5

In comparison to insecure infants, securely attached infants are:

Accepted Answer

Securely attached infants have learned to trust their caregivers and feel safe exploring their environment. This allows them to be more responsive and expressive, as they feel comfortable communicating their needs and feelings to their caregivers. In contrast, insecurely attached infants may be more withdrawn or clingy, and may have difficulty communicating their needs, leading to less varied means of communication. Crying more is not necessarily a characteristic of insecurely attached infants.

Question 6

Securely attached infants tend to become toddlers _____________ than do infants who do not demonstrate secure attachment.

Accepted Answer

Securely attached infants tend to feel comfortable exploring their environment and are more likely to venture out on their own, which translates to more exploratory behavior as toddlers. The other options (A and B) describe behaviors that are more commonly associated with insecure attachment.

Question 7

Child temperament has been linked consistently to the coparenting behaviors of parents of infants and toddlers. For instance,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Child temperament has been linked consistently to...

Question 8

Supportive care provided to new mothers varies by culture. In many Asian cultures new mother care is most different from the care provided to mothers in the United States in that:

Accepted Answer

In many Asian cultures, it is common for the family members, especially female relatives, to provide extended support and care for the new mother, both in terms of household chores and taking care of the baby. This is different from the practice in the United States, where it is common for new mothers to hire outside help for household chores and care.

Question 9

An important aspect of encouraging attachment with an infant is the development of parent-infant-synchrony. The two main impediments to the initiation and repair of parent-infant synchrony are:

Accepted Answer

The parent ignoring the infant's invitation to interact and/or over-stimulation when the baby wants to rest are the two main impediments to the initiation and repair of parent-infant synchrony. Infant crying due to colic and lack of parental sleep may affect the parent's ability to engage in synchrony, but they are not the main impediments to it. The option of infants wanting to play and parents not wanting to play, or the parent wanting to play and the infant not wanting to play, are not directly related to the development of parent-infant synchrony.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding parental behaviors that promote infants and toddlers' self-regulatory behavior?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Children with difficult temperaments cannot develop self-regulatory behaviors even with parental sensitivity" is not true. All children, regardless of their temperament, can develop self-regulatory behaviors with parental sensitivity and support.

Question 11

The process by which a sense of trust is achieved by infants depends on whether or not:

Accepted Answer

Contingent responsiveness from parents and caregivers is crucial in the development of trust in infants. This means that when infants cry or express a need, they receive a prompt, appropriate response from their caregivers. Scheduled care or kangaroo care may be helpful in other ways but are not the primary factors in building trust.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of the sleeping behavior of infants and toddlers?

Accepted Answer

This is not true as many toddlers still have problems going to bed or taking a nap even after their second birthday.

Question 13

Even though cosleeping is common in many cultures around the world, it is not common among

Accepted Answer

Cosleeping is not generally practiced by American middle-class parents, who tend to prefer separate sleeping arrangements for children. While cosleeping is common among many cultures around the world, it is not specific to any particular continent or region. Therefore, options A, B, and D cannot be considered as the best choice.

Question 14

Circumstances that contribute to more complex thinking about parenthood include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Higher levels of education do not directly contribute to more complex thinking about parenthood in the context of the other options provided. While education can influence perspectives and decision-making processes, the specific circumstances listed in A and B (caring for infants and discussions about parenthood) are more directly related to developing complex thoughts about parenthood by providing practical experience and knowledge.

Question 15

Which of the following reflects Bigner's view regarding the way in which American parents handle bedtime for infants and toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Bigner's view is that American parents are more likely to use a hands-off approach to bedtime for infants and toddlers, simply putting them in the crib and closing the door.

Question 16

Which of the following describes the coparenting of parents of infants?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the more time parents have had to deal with the negotiations and daily routines of coparenting, the more supportive and less intrusive their coparenting behavior is likely to be. This is because they have had the opportunity to establish patterns of behavior that work for them and their infant.

Question 17

Parents encourage infant attachment through a number of different cultural practices. The practice of ______________ appears to be an important parental sensitivity response that is present in all cultures.

Accepted Answer

Demand feeding is a practice where parents respond to an infant's hunger cues and feed them on demand, which is a form of parental sensitivity that supports attachment and is observed across various cultures.

Question 18

Parents of securely attached infants have been described as:

Accepted Answer

Parents of securely attached infants are described as more sensitive. They are more attuned to their infants' needs, respond appropriately and consistently, and provide a secure and supportive environment, leading to the development of secure attachment in infants. Education, marital status, and breastfeeding can have an impact on parenting but are not definitive factors in determining attachment style.

Question 19

Preparing a toddler for bed by rocking, reading them a story or softly singing as a part of a nightly ritual contributes to

Accepted Answer

Preparing a toddler for bed with a consistent ritual such as rocking, reading, or singing can aid in the development of self-regulatory behavior, as it provides a predictable structure and can help the child feel secure and calm before bedtime. This can also make it easier for them to fall asleep and stay asleep through the night.

Question 20

New mothers in Asian cultures tend to receive considerable support primarily from ______________.

Accepted Answer

In Asian cultures, it is common for extended family members to provide significant support to new mothers. This can include grandparents, aunts, and other relatives who help with tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and caring for the baby. Community-based programs may also exist, but they are typically not the primary source of support for new mothers. Spouses and neighbors may provide some assistance, but it is unlikely to be as comprehensive as that offered by extended family members.

Quiz 5: Becoming Parents and Parenting Infants and Toddlers