Question 1

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the phrase, 'so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' represents which component of an attitude?
A)behavioural
B)affective
C)cognitive
D)judgmental
E)emotive

Accepted Answer

The phrase "so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home" represents the intended behavior, or the action that the attitude holder plans to take in response to their attitude about the highway. Therefore, it is the behavioral component of the attitude. The affective component relates to feelings or emotions associated with the attitude, the cognitive component relates to beliefs and thoughts about the attitude object, the judgmental component relates to evaluation or appraisal of the attitude object, and the emotive component relates to expressions of emotions related to the attitude.

Question 2

Being satisfied at work results in employees being productive workers.

Accepted Answer

When employees are satisfied with their work, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated, leading to increased productivity. They are also less likely to experience burnout and turnover, which can negatively impact workplace productivity.

Question 3

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a person who rates strongly as a 'perceptive' would likely be spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, people who rate strongly as "perceptive" tend to be more spontaneous and adaptable in their behavior, as compared to those who score high on the "judging" scale, who tend to be more organized and prefer structured environments.

Question 4

Cognitive dissonance theory seeks to explain the correlated relationship between the affective, cognitive and behavioural components of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory primarily focuses on the discomfort felt when a person holds conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, leading them to change their beliefs or behaviors to reduce the dissonance, rather than explaining the relationship between the components of attitudes.

Question 5

The satisfaction-OCB correlations are strongest when employees perceive high degrees of fairness in the organisation.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as research has shown that employees who perceive high levels of fairness in the organization tend to engage in more Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) and also report higher levels of job satisfaction.

Question 6

________ refers to any inconsistency that an individual might perceive between two or more of his/her attitudes or between his/her behaviour and attitudes.
A)Cognitive dissonance
B)Behavioural inconsistency
C)Affective dissonance
D)Emotive dysfunction
E)Attitude adjustment

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort or tension experienced by an individual when holding two or more inconsistent attitudes or when their attitudes do not align with their behaviours. It is a psychological phenomenon that arises when there is a perceived disconnect between what a person thinks or believes and what they do or experience. This discomfort often leads to efforts to resolve the inconsistency and restore cognitive harmony.

Question 7

Which of the following terms is defined as 'an employee's orientation toward the organisation in terms of his/her loyalty, identification and involvement'?
A)job involvement
B)pay satisfaction
C)job satisfaction
D)self-perception
E)organisational commitment

Accepted Answer

Organisational commitment refers to the extent to which an employee feels loyal, identifies with, and is involved in their organisation. Job involvement refers to the level of interest and enthusiasm an individual has for their job, pay satisfaction refers to their compensation being fair and adequate, and job satisfaction refers to their overall feelings and attitudes about their job. Self-perception is a broad term which can refer to a variety of aspects related to an individual's perception of themselves.

Question 8

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator lacks evidence to support its validity.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator lacks evidence to support its validity. Its reliability and accuracy have been called into question, and many experts view it as more of a cultural phenomenon than a scientifically sound assessment tool.

Question 9

Usually, the term attitude refers only to the ________ component.
A)judgmental
B)behavioural
C)cognitive
D)emotive
E)affective

Accepted Answer

The affective component of attitude refers to the emotional or feeling aspect of one's attitude towards a particular object, idea, or person. It is the most commonly referred to component of attitude in the context of psychology and social sciences. The other components (cognitive, behavioural, judgmental, and emotive) are also important but are often considered as sub-components of the affective component.

Question 10

The cognitive dissonance theory proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________.
A)authority, responsibility and relevance
B)stability, position and power
C)awareness, status and punishments
D)economics, politics and organisational structure
E)importance, influence and rewards

Accepted Answer

The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by the importance of the discrepancy, the influence it has on the individual, and the rewards for changing the behavior or belief. Option A, B, C, and D are not relevant determinants of the theory.

Question 11

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the phrase, 'The highway is very busy,' represents which component of an attitude?
A)cognitive
B)affective
C)judgmental
D)behavioural
E)emotive

Accepted Answer

The phrase "The highway is very busy" represents the cognitive component of an attitude, which refers to the beliefs and thoughts about the object.

Question 12

Which of the following reflects an attitude?
A)I get paid more than my spouse.
B)I work from 8 to 5.
C)The building is tall.
D)Ice cream is cold.
E)The movie was fun.

Accepted Answer

The statement "The movie was fun" reflects an attitude as it conveys a personal evaluation or perception. The other statements are factual or objective statements.

Question 13

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the word scary represents which component of an attitude?
A)judgmental
B)behavioural
C)affective
D)cognitive
E)emotive

Accepted Answer

The word "scary" represents the affective component of the attitude, which deals with emotions and feelings towards the object of the attitude.

Question 14

The three components that make up an attitude are ________.
A)intention, opinion and environment
B)cognitive, affective and behavioural
C)traits, behavioural and emotional
D)pre-opinion, experience and evaluation
E)knowledge, opinion and individual history

Accepted Answer

The three components that make up an attitude are cognitive (thoughts, beliefs, and values), affective (feelings and emotions), and behavioral (actions and intentions towards the attitude object). Option A, D, and E are not correct as they do not mention the correct components of an attitude. Option C mentions traits, which are not a component of an attitude.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about organisationally committed employees?
A)lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
B)higher rates of voluntary turnover
C)much higher pay levels
D)less risk taking
E)higher rates of cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Organisational commitment is positively related to lower rates of turnover and absenteeism. Employees who are committed to the organisation are more likely to stay with the organisation and be present at work.

Question 16

In a short essay, define attitudes.Next, list and discuss the three components of attitudes.Include an example of a statement that describes each component to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a short essay, define attitudes.Next, list...

Question 17

Which of the following cases contains an element that may lead a politician to correct cognitive dissonance?
A)The politician is a male.
B)The politician has the power to pass legislation to keep the spotted owl from extinction.
C)The politician will get re-elected for ignoring the needs of the spotted owl.
D)The politician grew up in the city.
E)A politician does not really care if the spotted owl lives or becomes extinct.

Accepted Answer

The element that may lead a politician to correct cognitive dissonance is the power to pass legislation to keep the spotted owl from extinction. This would create a conflict between the politician's beliefs about the importance of protecting the environment and their desire to appeal to certain constituents who do not support environmental protection. This conflict may lead the politician to experience cognitive dissonance and to take actions to reduce it, such as by advocating for legislation to protect the environment. None of the other options involve a conflict that is likely to cause cognitive dissonance for a politician.

Question 18

In a short essay, define cognitive dissonance and discuss the three factors that affect how people cope with cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a short essay, define cognitive dissonance...

Question 19

What does the research evidence suggest about the statement, 'Happy workers are productive workers'?
A)There is no relationship between the two variables.
B)There is a small positive relationship between the two variables.
C)There is strong supportive evidence since the Hawthorne studies.
D)It is true for the manufacturing sector but not the service sector.
E)It's false; instead, productive workers are least happy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the research evidence suggest about...

Question 20

A management trainee working for a bank who says, 'Working in this industry is just not who I am as a person,' probably lacks ________.
A)organisational commitment
B)pay satisfaction
C)job satisfaction
D)job involvement
E)self-perceptions

Accepted Answer

The answer of A management trainee working for a bank...

Quiz 15: Understanding Individual Behaviour

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the phrase, 'so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' represents which component of an attitude?

Being satisfied at work results in employees being productive workers.

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a person who rates strongly as a 'perceptive' would likely be spontaneous.

Cognitive dissonance theory seeks to explain the correlated relationship between the affective, cognitive and behavioural components of attitudes.

The satisfaction-OCB correlations are strongest when employees perceive high degrees of fairness in the organisation.

________ refers to any inconsistency that an individual might perceive between two or more of his/her attitudes or between his/her behaviour and attitudes.

Which of the following terms is defined as 'an employee's orientation toward the organisation in terms of his/her loyalty, identification and involvement'?

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator lacks evidence to support its validity.

Usually, the term attitude refers only to the ________ component.

The cognitive dissonance theory proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________.

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the phrase, 'The highway is very busy,' represents which component of an attitude?

Which of the following reflects an attitude?

In the statement, 'The highway is very busy at 5 pm and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 pm to go home,' the word scary represents which component of an attitude?

The three components that make up an attitude are ________.

Which of the following is true about organisationally committed employees?

In a short essay, define attitudes.Next, list and discuss the three components of attitudes.Include an example of a statement that describes each component to support your answer.

Which of the following cases contains an element that may lead a politician to correct cognitive dissonance?

In a short essay, define cognitive dissonance and discuss the three factors that affect how people cope with cognitive dissonance.

What does the research evidence suggest about the statement, 'Happy workers are productive workers'?

A management trainee working for a bank who says, 'Working in this industry is just not who I am as a person,' probably lacks ________.