Question 1

Kin selection theory has difficulties explaining the following behaviour:

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory primarily explains altruistic behavior towards close genetic relatives. Saving a neighbor, who is not a close genetic relative, does not directly align with the theory's predictions about increasing one's own genetic representation in future generations through the survival of close kin.

Question 2

Buss's study on desired mate characteristics showed that the highest rated characteristic by both men and women,who were from a range of ethnic,religious,and socio-economic groups,was:

Accepted Answer

Buss's study found that mutual attraction and love was the highest rated characteristic by both men and women across a range of demographics. While good looks may be important to some individuals, it was not consistently rated as the most important characteristic across all groups. Emotional stability and similar religion were not found to be the highest rated characteristics in this study.

Question 3

The evolutionary perspective might argue that men prefer characteristics in women like clear smooth skin,physical health,and high energy level because they are associated with future reproductive potential and ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The evolutionary perspective might argue that men...

Question 4

When working on a group project,Trisha helped one group member complete his part of the project but in the process did not do as well as she could have on her own.In this example,Trisha's behaviour is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Trisha's behavior is an example of altruism because she sacrificed her own performance to help a group member complete his part of the project.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of the research on symmetrical faces?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that both men and women prefer symmetrical faces and that symmetrical male faces are rated as more attractive by women. However, it is not true that only men show a preference for symmetrical faces. Additionally, research has found that men with symmetrical faces have more sexual partners during their lifetime.

Question 6

Organisms are most likely to help others who are offspring and genetic relatives according to the _________,

Accepted Answer

The theory of kin selection suggests that organisms are more likely to help others who are genetically related to them, such as offspring and other relatives, because it increases the likelihood that their own genes will be passed on to future generations. This theory is a form of natural selection, but it specifically applies to helping behaviors within families or other kin groups. The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that people help others because they feel empathy and compassion for them, regardless of their genetic relatedness, while the principle of adaptation is a broader concept that refers to how organisms evolve through natural selection to become better adapted to their environments.

Question 7

The theory of kin selection is most relevant to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory argues that individuals are more likely to behave altruistically towards genetic relatives (kin) because helping kin increases the likelihood that shared genes will be passed on to future generations.

Question 8

Evolutionary theory argues that women prefer older men because they are more likely to have:

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary theory, women prefer older men because they are more likely to have achieved higher social status and financial resources, which can provide greater stability and support in raising offspring. Older men also tend to have more experience and knowledge, which can be attractive to women. Physical strength and social skills are not necessarily correlated with age in men. Education may contribute to social status, but it is not the primary factor argued by evolutionary theory.

Question 9

Reciprocal determinism is an evolutionary theory of altruism in which:

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism suggests that individuals help others because they believe the help will be reciprocated at some point in the future. This can create a sense of cooperation and mutual support within a social group or community. The theory is based on the idea that altruism can be evolutionarily advantageous if it leads to reciprocal benefits for both the giver and the receiver of aid.

Question 10

A mother risks her own life by rushing into a burning house to save her son.According to the theory of kin selection she is most likely performing this altruistic behaviour because __________.

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of kin selection, individuals are more likely to exhibit altruistic behavior towards those with whom they share genetic relatedness. In this case, the mother risking her own life to save her son is likely due to the fact that she has a strong genetic relatedness with him, which increases her likelihood of ensuring her own genes are passed on through her offspring.

Question 11

Nicole donates food to the local foodbank every month for those who are less fortunate.Which theory helps to explain why she does this?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal altruism suggests that individuals may perform altruistic behaviors for the benefit of others, but only if there is a likelihood of a future benefit in return. In this case, Nicole may donate food to the local foodbank with the expectation that if she were in a similar situation in the future, others may be willing to help her.

Question 12

A situation in which one individual helps another and in so doing also gains some advantage themselves is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cooperation is when individuals work together for mutual benefit, where both parties gain some advantage.

Question 13

An individual who gains advantages when helping others is cooperating.By contrast,an individual who puts itself at risk for survival when helping others is displaying _________.

Accepted Answer

Altruism is defined as behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself. This choice best fits the description of an individual putting themselves at risk for the sake of helping others. Reciprocity may involve cooperation, but it is based on the expectation of later repayment for the initial help given. Competition is not related to helping behavior, and a self-fulfilling prophecy refers to a belief influencing one's actions, not a behavior related to helping others.

Question 14

Regardless of their ethnic or religious background,research on what men and women look for in a mate showed that women and men both tended to report the greatest preference for mutual attraction and love over _______.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that both men and women prioritize mutual attraction and love over physical attributes like good looks when selecting a mate.

Question 15

Which of the following gender difference in mate preference has been found?

Accepted Answer

Men have been found to place a higher value on good health and physical attractiveness in potential mates, which is often associated with reproductive capability.

Question 16

Across cultures,with respect to gender differences in mate preferences there is _________.

Accepted Answer

Research across various cultures shows a very high consistency in gender differences regarding mate preferences, with men typically valuing physical attractiveness more, and women prioritizing resources and stability.

Question 17

The difference between altruism and cooperation is that in altruism:

Accepted Answer

In altruism, the helping individual puts itself at risk for survival without gaining any advantage. On the other hand, in cooperation, individuals work together for mutual benefit without necessarily putting themselves at risk. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 18

The theory that states that we are most likely to help others with whom we share the most genes is known as:

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory proposes that individuals are most likely to exhibit altruistic behavior towards others with whom they share the most genetic relatedness, such as family members. This is because helping relatives increases the chances of passing on one's own genes to future generations.

Question 19

Research has shown that across cultures,with respect to ratings of attractiveness in women,men show _______.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men across different cultures show very high consistency in their ratings of attractiveness in women. This suggests that there are certain universal standards or features that are widely considered attractive.

Question 20

When working on a group project,Trisha helps to gain the information needed to complete the project and the group receives an A+ on the project.Trisha's behaviour is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Trisha's behavior is an example of cooperation because she contributed to the group's goal of completing the project, and the group received a positive outcome as a result.

Quiz 4: Genes, evolution, and Behaviour