Question 1

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the humanistic perspective of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-actualization in promoting mental health. This perspective suggests that psychological disorders are caused by incongruence between self-perception and experience, such as a lack of acceptance or understanding of one's true feelings and needs. This is consistent with the idea that personal growth and development are critical components of mental well-being.

Question 2

Sara lost both of her parents when she was a young child.Primarily because of this historical event,she develops an anxiety disorder when she learns that the life of her best friend is threatened by cancer.This example provides the best illustration of:

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model suggests that an individual's vulnerabilities or predispositions, in combination with stressful life events, can lead to the development of psychological disorders. In this example, Sara's childhood trauma (vulnerability) in losing both of her parents, combined with the stress of her best friend's cancer diagnosis, leads to the development of an anxiety disorder.

Question 3

Maladaptive and self-defeating thought patterns are most central to the ____________ perspective of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive perspective focuses on how maladaptive thought patterns and cognitive processes contribute to psychological disorders. This includes irrational or negative thinking, cognitive distortions, and self-defeating beliefs. Humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, sociocultural perspective looks at environmental and cultural factors, and behavioral perspective focuses on learned behaviors and reinforcement.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia is ?
A.Twin studies show a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia for identical twins than for fraternal twins.
B.Schizophrenia shows a concordance rate in identical twins of approximately 70 percent.
C.Adoption studies show higher concordance rates with biological parents than with adoptive parents.
D.Relatives who are direct relatives of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia are at greater risk for developing the disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia...

Question 5

All of the following were mentioned as one of the three Ds that typically influence judgments regarding abnormal behaviour EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The three Ds that typically influence judgments regarding abnormal behaviour are distressing, dysfunctional, and deviance. The option "distinctive" was not mentioned as one of the three Ds.

Question 6

People who held the demonological perspective on psychological disorders would sometimes treat abnormal behaviours by chiselling a small hole in the head of the individual in an attempt to release the evil spirit trapped inside.This procedure was called:

Accepted Answer

The procedure described is known as trephination, which involved drilling or chiselling a small hole in the skull in an attempt to release evil spirits. This was a common treatment in the demonological perspective on psychological disorders.

Question 7

A recent immigrant to Canada has been having some difficulties with everyday life,and after some initial hesitation,decides to see a therapist for some assistance.After the interview,the therapist makes a particular diagnosis and is discussing the case with a colleague when the colleague raises some concerns.She points out that the therapist may need to reconsider his diagnosis because the behaviours involved are much more common and are even considered "normal" in the country from which the person came.The views of the colleague are most consistent with the ___________ perspective on psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes that cultural and social factors play a significant role in shaping people's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Therefore, the colleague's concern that the behaviors the therapist diagnosed as abnormal may be considered normal in the person's country of origin reflects the sociocultural perspective.

Question 8

Two siblings can grow up in identical environments and as adults one develops a psychological disorder and the other does not.Psychologists have taken biological,psychological,and environmental factors and explored how these factors relate to each other in order to explain the above situation.This is called the:

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model explains that psychological disorders result from the interaction between a person's biological, psychological, and environmental vulnerabilities and the stress or adversity they are exposed to. In the case of two siblings growing up in identical environments but only one developing a psychological disorder, it suggests that the stressed or adverse experiences encountered by one sibling might have been greater than the other, or that the vulnerable sibling might have had a higher biological or psychological predisposition towards the disorder.

Question 9

When treating a person with a psychological disorder,a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem in large part from his extreme and inappropriate use of defense mechanisms such as repression.This therapist most likely identifies with the ___________ perspective of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms in the development of psychological disorders. The use of repression as a defense mechanism fits with this perspective, as it involves pushing unwanted or threatening thoughts and impulses out of conscious awareness and into the unconscious mind. Cognitive and behavioural perspectives focus more on conscious thoughts, behaviours, and learning experiences, while sociocultural perspectives examine the influence of cultural and societal factors on psychological functioning.

Question 10

In the vulnerability-stress model of psychological disorders,vulnerabilities:

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model states that the development of psychological disorders is the result of a combination of vulnerabilities (biological, psychological, or environmental) and stressful life events. Therefore, vulnerabilities can be biological, psychological, or environmental factors.

Question 11

The first evidence that psychological disorders may be caused by a physiological disorder came in the 1800s with the identification of a physical condition,resulted in bizarre behaviour called _________________.

Accepted Answer

The physical condition identified in the 1800s that resulted in bizarre behavior was general paresis, which is now known to be caused by syphilis infection. This was the first evidence that a physiological disorder could lead to a psychological disorder.

Question 12

The first historical demonstration of a psychological disorder with a clear biological cause was ______________.

Accepted Answer

General paresis, also known as neurosyphilis, was the first psychological disorder to be demonstrated with a clear biological cause - the syphilis bacterium. This discovery helped to shift the prevailing view of mental illness from a moral or spiritual cause to a medical one.

Question 13

The humanistic perspective views psychological disorders as the result of:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, suggesting that psychological disorders arise when environmental factors hinder these natural developmental processes.

Question 14

A person alive during the Middle Ages most likely held which of the following views on abnormal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages, it was commonly believed that psychological disorders were caused by supernatural forces such as demons, witchcraft or curses. Treatments aimed at driving out these evil spirits, such as exorcisms, were often used to address abnormal behavior.

Question 15

When looking at the historical evolution of attitudes towards psychological disorders,general paresis is a disease with great significance because it:

Accepted Answer

General paresis was the first psychological disorder to be discovered with a biological cause. It was caused by syphilis infections in the brain, which were discovered through autopsy. This discovery paved the way for the idea that other psychological disorders may also have biological causes.

Question 16

An explanation for the demonstration that personal and situational factors can interact with one another is found in the _______________ .

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model proposes that the likelihood of a person developing a psychological disorder depends on both their level of vulnerability (personal factors such as genetics, personality, and past experiences) and the amount of stress they experience from their environment (situational factors such as life events and social support). This demonstrates how personal and situational factors can interact with one another to influence mental health outcomes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding obsessive-compulsive disorder is ?
A.Obsessions are usually triggered by external stimuli.
B.Compulsions are typically irrational.
C.Obsessions are usually very difficult if not impossible to control.
D.Obsessions are unwelcome thoughts that intrude into consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding obsessive-compulsive...

Question 18

Biological,psychological,or environmental predispositions can combine with current or recent events to produce psychological disorders called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The term "predispositions" in the question suggests that there may be underlying factors that make someone more likely to develop psychological disorders. These can include biological or psychological factors, but also environmental factors like childhood trauma or family history of mental illness. When these vulnerabilities combine with current or recent events, it can trigger the onset of a psychological disorder. Therefore, the best answer choice is C) vulnerabilities. A) stressors and D) traumatic events may be contributing factors, but they are not enough on their own to cause a psychological disorder. B) handicaps is not a relevant term in this context.

Question 19

The demonological perspective on abnormal behaviour assumes that psychological disorders are caused by:

Accepted Answer

The demonological perspective on abnormal behaviour suggests that psychological disorders are caused by supernatural forces or demons. This belief is based on religious and cultural traditions and was commonly held during the Middle Ages. Today, this perspective is not considered scientifically valid.

Question 20

The fact that people with psychological disorders usually experience suffering that is long-lasting or disproportionate to the situation best demonstrates how people often use make judgments about abnormal behaviours based on the amount of ____________ .

Accepted Answer

The fact that people with psychological disorders usually experience suffering that is long-lasting or disproportionate to the situation indicates that their behavior is causing significant distress. This suggests that the amount of distress is an important factor in determining whether a behavior is abnormal or not.

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context