Question 1

Hunger researchers initially assumed that a certain region of the brain region responsible for initiating hunger and eating because when it was electrically stimulated,animals would begin to eat.This brain region was called the:

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) was initially assumed to be responsible for initiating hunger and eating because when it was electrically stimulated, animals would begin to eat.

Question 2

Your intestines respond to the ingestion of food by releasing this peptide,which travels to the brain and stimulates the receptors sites of brain regions that decrease eating.This peptide is called:

Accepted Answer

Upon ingestion of food, the small intestine releases cholecystokinin (CCK) which travels to the brain and stimulates receptors in brain regions that decrease eating. Glucose is a form of sugar that is produced when we eat carbohydrates or is synthesized in the liver. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays a role in reproductive development and function. None of these three hormones are directly involved in decreasing eating in response to food ingestion.

Question 3

If the nerves from the stomach to the brain are severed in animals they:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the nerves from the stomach to...

Question 4

When the hormone leptin is released into the blood,an animal will most likely experience:

Accepted Answer

Leptin is known as the satiety hormone, which means it decreases appetite and creates a feeling of fullness. Therefore, when leptin is released into the blood, an animal will most likely experience a decrease in appetite.

Question 5

Initial research found that when the ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH)of rats was electrically stimulated,the rats:

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in rats leads to a reduction in eating behavior, often to the point where the rats refuse to eat and may starve. This is because the VMH is involved in signaling satiety or the feeling of being full, and its activation can suppress hunger.

Question 6

Researchers have observed that both humans and animals experience a temporary rise and fall of the nutrient glucose:

Accepted Answer

When the body is low on glucose, it triggers hunger to signal the need for more nutrients. The temporary rise and fall of glucose observed in both humans and animals occurs just before experiencing hunger.

Question 7

Rats with mutations to the ob gene become obese because:

Accepted Answer

The ob gene codes for leptin, which is a hormone that regulates body weight by suppressing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. Rats with mutations to the ob gene lack the ability to produce leptin and therefore suffer from a lack of leptin in their nervous systems. This leads to overeating and obesity.

Question 8

Your body's individual rate of energy or calorie consumption is referred to as its:

Accepted Answer

The term used for the rate at which your body burns calories is metabolism. It’s the process by which your body converts food into energy. Metabolism is influenced by several factors including age, gender, body composition, and activity levels.

Question 9

Fat cells in the body actively regulate the processes of food intake and weight regulation by secreting a hormone to decrease appetite.This hormone is called:

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulates food intake and energy balance by reducing appetite and increasing metabolism. It signals the brain to decrease food intake and stimulates energy expenditure to maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 10

Some researchers assume that there is a fixed internal standard around which a person's body weight is regulated called a __________.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a set point suggests that there is a fixed internal standard around which a person's body weight and metabolic processes are regulated. The set point theory proposes that the body will adjust its metabolic rate and hunger levels to maintain this set point, despite changes in caloric intake or physical activity.

Question 11

A man receives a small dose of the peptide CCK (cholecystokinin).The results from previous studies that have utilized this procedure suggest that he will:

Accepted Answer

Previous studies suggest that the peptide CCK triggers feelings of satiety and reduces food intake, often resulting in individuals feeling full after eating a smaller than normal meal.

Question 12

When hungry animals are injected with this peptide,they will stop feeding or reduce the size of their meals.This peptide is called:

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone that is released by the small intestine when food enters from the stomach. It is known to reduce appetite and food intake by signaling to the brain that the body has received enough food. Therefore, when hungry animals are injected with CCK, they will stop feeding or reduce the size of their meals. Androgen, glucose, and estrogen do not have this effect on appetite.

Question 13

Which of the following are assumed to serve as satiety signals,telling the brain that the stomach is full?

Accepted Answer

Stomach and intestinal distention are physical signals that indicate the volume of food in the digestive tract, which can help trigger feelings of fullness and satiety. Stomach contractions (B) can indicate hunger or the need for food, but not necessarily fullness. Increasing (C) or decreasing (D) concentration levels of glucose may regulate feelings of hunger and satiety, but they do not directly indicate stomach fullness.

Question 14

Scientists learned about how leptin regulates food intake and weight by studying:

Accepted Answer

The study of genetically obese mice helped scientists understand the role of leptin in regulating food intake and weight. These mice lacked the ability to produce sufficient levels of leptin, which led to uncontrolled eating and obesity. By studying these mice, scientists were able to learn about the role of leptin in regulating hunger and body weight.

Question 15

One of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy is that people may still pursue their need for love and affiliation,even when presumably lower needs,such as the need for _____________,have not yet been satisfied or met.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that lower-level needs must be satisfied before individuals can address higher-level needs. However, the criticism is that people may still seek love and affiliation (higher-level needs) even if their need for security (a lower-level need) has not been met, challenging the strict hierarchy Maslow proposed.

Question 16

An important role in the signalling and initiating of hunger is the temporary rise and fall of _________ .

Accepted Answer

Glucose levels play a crucial role in signaling and initiating hunger. When glucose levels fall, it signals the body that it needs to replenish its energy source, thus initiating the feeling of hunger.

Question 17

If the glucose levels of a person are experimentally manipulated such that they first rise and then drop,the person will most likely:

Accepted Answer

When glucose levels rise and then drop, the body may perceive this as a lack of energy and trigger feelings of hunger in an attempt to restore glucose levels. This can lead to the person experiencing hunger.

Question 18

Maslow proposed that if a lower-level need is no longer satisfied,we focus on meeting that need as we are experiencing ________________ .

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory suggests that when a lower-level need that was previously satisfied is no longer met, individuals experience what he termed "need regression," meaning they revert back to focusing on satisfying that lower-level need.

Question 19

Energy expended in your body is used to maintain your basal metabolism which involves the continuous work of resting cells in your body.The amount of this energy is approximately ___________ percent.

Accepted Answer

The energy expended in your body to maintain your basal metabolism, which involves the continuous work of resting cells, is approximately 66 percent of the total energy expenditure. This high percentage reflects the energy required for vital functions such as breathing, circulating blood, and cellular maintenance.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the set point concept is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The statement that some researchers feel the set point concept is valid, while others argue that it is possible to "settle in" to a new weight, is the most accurate statement regarding the set point concept. While there is debate among researchers about the validity of the set point concept, many believe that it is possible to establish a new set point at a different weight through sustained changes in diet and exercise.

Quiz 10: Intelligence