Question 1

Which of the following statements is an argument for multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

This statement provides evidence for the existence of multiple intelligences by highlighting individuals who excel in one type of intelligence (verbal) but struggle in another (quantitative). This suggests that different people may have strengths and weaknesses in different types of intelligence, supporting the idea of multiple intelligences. The other statements do not provide arguments for or against multiple intelligences.

Question 2

The test you are taking right now is an example of

Accepted Answer

The test you are taking right now is most likely an achievement test because it is measuring your knowledge or understanding of a specific subject or topic. The other options (intelligence test, aptitude test, and culture-free test) are all different types of assessments that measure different aspects of a person's abilities or traits.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between brain size and some aspects of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Studies have found a moderate correlation between brain size and some aspects of intelligence, such as IQ scores. However, it is worth noting that correlation does not equal causation, and intelligence is a complex trait influenced by various factors beyond brain size.

Question 4

Using the original formula for the intelligence quotient, an 8-year-old child with a mental age of 10 would have an IQ that:

Accepted Answer

The original formula for IQ is IQ = (mental age/chronological age) x 100. In this case, the child has a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8. Plugging these values into the formula, we get IQ = (10/8) x 100, which simplifies to IQ = 125. Therefore, the IQ is greater than 100.

Question 5

A psychologist wishes to use achievement test scores to identify students for a gifted and talented program. Which percentile rank would be the most useful to her?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist would want to use a high percentile rank to identify students for a gifted and talented program, as this would indicate that they score higher than the vast majority of their peers. A percentile rank of 90S1U1P1thS1S1P0 and above would indicate that the student scored higher than 90S1U1P1 percent of their peers, making them a good candidate for a gifted and talented program.

Question 6

Which of the following statements supports the theory that intelligence is determined in part by genes?

Accepted Answer

The fact that identical twins separated by adoption still have highly correlated IQ scores supports the theory that intelligence is determined in part by genes. If intelligence was solely influenced by environment factors such as upbringing, then we would expect less similarity in IQ scores between separated identical twins.

Question 7

What does the Flynn effect refer to?

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the observed increase in average IQ test scores over decades.

Question 8

Carlos, who is Hispanic, is asked to take an IQ test by a job placement company. As he sits down to take the test, Carlos begins to think about how minorities in the United States, including Hispanics, are often viewed as less intelligent than others. These thoughts cause Carlos to experience discomfort and anxiety during the test, which then have a negative impact on his test result. Carlos's dilemma is an example of what psychologists call _____.

Accepted Answer

Carlos's experience is an example of stereotype threat, which is the phenomenon where individuals experience anxiety or discomfort in situations where they fear they may confirm a negative stereotype about their group. In this case, Carlos's fear of confirming the stereotype that Hispanics are less intelligent than others caused him to experience anxiety, which then had a negative impact on his test result. The Flynn effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over time, covert discrimination is discrimination that is hidden or not obvious, and confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs.

Question 9

_______ refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time.

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time.

Question 10

Jonah receives the results of his intelligence test, which describes his score as having a percentile rank of .70 (or 70%). What does this information indicate about Jonah's intelligence score?

Accepted Answer

A percentile rank of 70% means that his score is greater than the score of 70% of the population. It does not indicate a specific IQ score.

Question 11

Which of the following is not part of the theory of successful intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The theory of successful intelligence includes three aspects: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence. Kinesthetic intelligence is not part of this theory.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best psychological definition of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The best psychological definition of intelligence includes more than just knowledge or the ability to quickly learn new material. It involves a combination of cognitive abilities such as thinking, understanding, reasoning, and adapting to new situations and challenges. It also goes beyond just the score on an intelligence test as there are various types of intelligence that cannot be accurately measured by these tests.

Question 13

Most of the intelligence tests reviewed in your textbook test

Accepted Answer

The question states that the intelligence tests being reviewed test both aptitude and achievement. Therefore, the best choice is D - both achievement and aptitude.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best psychological description for intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is best described as the ability to understand, reason, and adapt to complex ideas and situations. It goes beyond just knowledge and includes cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and abstract reasoning. Being "street smart" or creative are important skills, but they do not encompass the full spectrum of intelligence.

Question 15

When Sheila joins the Air Force, she is given a test to determine which specialty she is most likely to succeed in. Although Sheila had hoped to be trained be an aircraft engineer, her test results suggest she would be a better radar operator. This is an example of how ____________ tests are used.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes an aptitude test, which is designed to assess an individual's potential for success in a particular field or task. Intelligence tests, such as the Stanford-Binet, aim to measure an individual's cognitive abilities and potential for learning. Achievement tests measure what an individual has already learned or mastered. Therefore, the best choice in this scenario is aptitude (B).

Question 16

What do scientists know about gender differences on tests of visual-spatial abilities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do scientists know about gender differences...

Question 17

As a major exam approaches, a teacher who is hoping to reduce stereotype threat and promote an incremental theory of intelligence would most likely:

Accepted Answer

Reminding students that hard work is the best way to prepare for the exam promotes an incremental theory of intelligence which suggests that intelligence can be developed through effort and hard work. This approach can help to reduce stereotype threat by shifting the focus away from fixed labels or innate abilities based on one's gender or genetics.

Question 18

Identical twins reared together and apart tend to score similarly on standardized measures of intelligence. Which of the following statements does this finding support?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identical twins reared together and apart tend...

Question 19

_______________ tests are designed to measure knowledge in a certain area. In contrast, _____________ tests are designed to measure an individual's potential to perform well on a specific range of tasks.

Accepted Answer

Achievement tests are designed to measure knowledge in a specific area, reflecting what an individual has learned or achieved. Aptitude tests, on the other hand, aim to measure potential or the ability to learn and perform in a certain area, not necessarily what has already been learned.

Question 20

Raven's Matrices were developed to improve on which issue with intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Raven's Matrices were specifically designed to minimize cultural and language biases, making them more universally applicable across different cultures and linguistic backgrounds.

Quiz 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities