Question 1

In general, what effect does the presence of other people have on the amount of food an individual eats?
A) The presence of others makes people eat less.
B) The presence of others makes people eat more.
C) The presence of others has no effect on the amount people typically eat.
D) The presence of others can make people eat more or less than usual, depending on the situation.

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can have varying effects on an individual's eating habits depending on the situation. In some cases, being around others can lead to social facilitation, where an individual eats more in the presence of others, particularly if others are also eating. However, in other situations, social inhibition can occur, where an individual eats less in the presence of others, particularly if they are self-conscious about their eating habits. Additionally, cultural and social norms around food and eating can have an impact on how much an individual eats in the presence of others. Therefore, the presence of others can make people eat more or less than usual, depending on various factors.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an emotional dialect?
A) Experiencing anger
B) Avoiding laughter in church
C) Raising one's chin to express contempt
D) Smiling as a sign of happiness

Accepted Answer

Raising one's chin to express contempt is an example of an emotional dialect because it is a cultural behavior that communicates a specific emotional meaning (in this case, contempt) through nonverbal cues. The other options are basic emotions or expressions that are generally recognized across cultures.

Question 3

Affiliation motivation is:
A) the drive to have as many friends as possible.
B) the desire to be around other people as often as possible.
C) the need to have at least a few permanent meaningful relationships.
D) the desire to be isolated from others.

Accepted Answer

Affiliation motivation is the need to have at least a few permanent meaningful relationships. This type of motivation is driven by the desire to feel social connectedness and to form close bonds with others. It is not about simply having a large number of friends or constant social stimulation, nor is it about avoiding social interaction altogether.

Question 4

Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk for illness, heart disease, and even cancer?
A) Mortality salience
B) Loneliness
C) Performance motives
D) Avoidance goals

Accepted Answer

Loneliness has been linked to a higher risk for illness, heart disease, and cancer. It can lead to increased stress, inflammation, and weakened immune system functioning, all of which can contribute to the development of health problems. Mortality salience, performance motives, and avoidance goals may all have different effects on health, but they are not consistently associated with increased risk for illness, heart disease, or cancer.

Question 5

Alfred Kinsey is famous for being one of the first scientists to study _____.
A) human sexuality
B) obesity in children
C) peer pressure
D) facial expressions

Accepted Answer

Alfred Kinsey is famous for being one of the first scientists to study human sexuality, particularly through his surveys and books "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female".

Question 6

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called
A) stability.
B) drive reduction.
C) homeostasis.
D) physiological balance.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. This includes regulating body temperature, blood sugar levels, fluid balance, and other physiological processes. This is achieved through various feedback mechanisms that adjust and regulate bodily functions to maintain a balanced state.

Question 7

The on-off switches for hunger sensations are located in the ___________.
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) amygdala
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating hunger and satiety. It contains specialized groups of neurons that signal the body to feel hungry or full, depending on various internal and external cues. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as the amygdala, are involved in the regulation of other bodily processes, but not specifically hunger sensations.

Question 8

Louis practices shooting baskets after school because he doesn't want his friends to make fun of him for being bad at basketball. Louis's motivation to practice is most accurately described as driven by a(n) _____ goal.
A) shame
B) mastery
C) avoidance
D) approach

Accepted Answer

Louis's motivation is described as avoidance because he is motivated to practice to avoid the negative outcome of being made fun of by his friends, rather than being motivated by a desire to improve his skills for personal satisfaction (mastery) or to achieve a positive outcome (approach).

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a display rule?
A) Biting one's lip in embarrassment
B) Dropping one's jaw in surprise
C) Suppressing anger during a debate
D) Expressing happiness to a loved one

Accepted Answer

Display rules refer to social norms or expectations about how one should express or suppress emotions in particular social situations. Suppressing anger during a debate is an example of a display rule, as it is a socially desirable behavior to maintain composure and avoid confrontations in a professional or academic setting. A, B, and D may involve emotional expressions, but they do not necessarily represent social norms or expectations.

Question 10

Motivation is best described as
A) the physiological triggers that tell us we may be deprived of something and cause us to seek out what is needed, such as food.
B) the body's physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment.
C) the stimuli we seek to reduce the drives such as social approval and companionship, food, water, and other needs.
D) the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviors that direct organisms toward specific goals.

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the processes that initiate, guide, and maintain goal-directed behaviors. These processes involve both physiological (such as hunger or thirst) and psychological factors (such as beliefs or values), and ultimately lead us to pursue specific goals or outcomes. Therefore, choice D is the best description of motivation among the given options.

Question 11

Gillian drinks a lot of coffee while studying all night. The caffeine in the coffee causes Gillian's heart to start racing and her hands to begin shaking. Suddenly, Gillian begins to feel fear and anxiety for no apparent reason. Gillian's experience is best explained by which theory of emotions?
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) James-Lange theory of emotion
C) Facial feedback
D) Cannon-Bard theory

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. In this case, Gillian's increased heart rate and shaking hands due to the caffeine in the coffee may have triggered feelings of fear and anxiety.

Question 12

The chief function of homeostasis is to
A) prevent balance.
B) maintain a steady state.
C) regulate emotions.
D) control sexual urges.

Accepted Answer

The chief function of homeostasis is to maintain a steady state or balance in the body's internal environment in response to external changes. This ensures that the body's cells receive the proper conditions necessary for their functioning, which in turn leads to the survival and health of the organism as a whole. Option A is incorrect as preventing balance would be counterproductive to the goal of homeostasis. Option C is not a primary function of homeostasis. Option D relates to a specific aspect of human behavior that is not directly related to homeostasis.

Question 13

Controlled studies of polygraph recordings indicate that they should be most accurately described as detecting _____.
A) parasympathetic activity
B) lies
C) arousal
D) negative emotions

Accepted Answer

Polygraph recordings detect changes in the autonomic nervous system, specifically levels of arousal. This can be in response to a variety of stimuli, including stress, anxiety, fear, and even excitement. While the polygraph is often used to detect lies, it can also detect changes in physiological activity related to other emotions or stressors. Therefore, choice C - arousal - is the most accurate answer.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about how humans display emotions?
A) While some basic emotions are universally recognized, different cultures have unique ways of displaying some emotions.
B) All emotional displays are understood across all cultures.
C) There are no emotional displays that are universally understood across all cultures.
D) Emotional displays are determined by context, but not by culture.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while some basic emotions (such as happiness and fear) are universally recognized, cultural norms and socialization can affect how other emotions (such as anger and sadness) are displayed and interpreted. Therefore, different cultures may have unique ways of displaying certain emotions.

Question 15

Steven is paralyzed from the neck down and does not experience the autonomic responses that usually accompany fear. Despite this injury, he continues to experience fear. Which theory of emotion is contradicted by this observation?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) Two-factor theory
C) James-Lange theory
D) Physiological theory

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions result from the experience of physiological reactions to stimuli. However, since Steven is paralyzed from the neck down and cannot experience the autonomic responses that usually accompany fear, the James-Lange theory would be contradicted by his continued experience of fear.

Question 16

A(n) _________ refers to when it is appropriate to show a specific emotion.
A) emotional dialect
B) display rule
C) context rule
D) display dialect

Accepted Answer

Display rules are social and cultural norms that dictate when, where, and how certain emotions are appropriate to express in a given situation. They vary across cultures and are learned through socialization.

Question 17

The psychology of motivation can be best summarized as the study of
A) how decisions are made.
B) the processes underlying goal-directed behavior.
C) the libido's effects on behavior.
D) how rewards and punishments affect behavior.

Accepted Answer

The psychology of motivation focuses on the underlying processes that drive goal-directed behavior. While decisions and rewards/punishments certainly play a role in motivation, they are not the sole focus of this area of study. Likewise, while the libido can impact behavior, it is not a defining feature of the psychology of motivation.

Question 18

Luisa is working out at a gym and her body temperature begins to rise. To cool itself down, her body begins to sweat. After showing however, her body temperature drops below ideal, so her body begins to shiver to warm itself up. This example illustrates the concept of
A) libido.
B) homeostasis.
C) satiation.
D) drives.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the concept of homeostasis, which refers to the body's ability to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, constant condition despite changes in the external environment. The body's response to rising and falling temperatures (sweating and shivering) is an example of homeostasis in action. Libido refers to sexual desire, satiation refers to the feeling of fullness or satisfaction after eating, and drives refer to innate biological needs or urges that motivate behavior. These concepts do not apply to the scenario described.

Question 19

People are least likely to procrastinate when they are genuinely interested in the task and believe they can gain something from it. This is known as a(n) ________ goal.
A) mastery-avoidance
B) mastery-approach
C) performance-avoidance
D) avoidance-mastery

Accepted Answer

A mastery-approach goal is when someone is motivated to learn and develop new skills and knowledge, which decreases the likelihood of procrastination. A mastery-avoidance goal, on the other hand, focuses on avoiding mistakes or failure, which can increase procrastination. Performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals are focused on achieving a certain outcome or avoiding a negative one based on comparison to others, which can also increase procrastination. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 20

Some people who have temporal lobe epilepsy describe sensations of _____when seizures occur.
A) painful
B) "raw fear"
C) out-of-body experiences
D) religious experiences

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some people who have temporal lobe epilepsy...

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

In general, what effect does the presence of other people have on the amount of food an individual eats?

Which of the following is an example of an emotional dialect?

Affiliation motivation is:

Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk for illness, heart disease, and even cancer?

Alfred Kinsey is famous for being one of the first scientists to study _____.

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called

The on-off switches for hunger sensations are located in the ___________.

Louis practices shooting baskets after school because he doesn't want his friends to make fun of him for being bad at basketball. Louis's motivation to practice is most accurately described as driven by a(n) _____ goal.

Which of the following is an example of a display rule?

Motivation is best described as

Gillian drinks a lot of coffee while studying all night. The caffeine in the coffee causes Gillian's heart to start racing and her hands to begin shaking. Suddenly, Gillian begins to feel fear and anxiety for no apparent reason. Gillian's experience is best explained by which theory of emotions?

The chief function of homeostasis is to

Controlled studies of polygraph recordings indicate that they should be most accurately described as detecting _____.

Which of the following statements is true about how humans display emotions?

Steven is paralyzed from the neck down and does not experience the autonomic responses that usually accompany fear. Despite this injury, he continues to experience fear. Which theory of emotion is contradicted by this observation?

A(n) _________ refers to when it is appropriate to show a specific emotion.

The psychology of motivation can be best summarized as the study of

Luisa is working out at a gym and her body temperature begins to rise. To cool itself down, her body begins to sweat. After showing however, her body temperature drops below ideal, so her body begins to shiver to warm itself up. This example illustrates the concept of

People are least likely to procrastinate when they are genuinely interested in the task and believe they can gain something from it. This is known as a(n) ________ goal.

Some people who have temporal lobe epilepsy describe sensations of _____when seizures occur.