Question 1

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavior (rewards and punishments), not through a stimulus eliciting a conditioned response, which describes classical conditioning.

Question 2

Shaleigh developed a conditioned taste aversion to spearmint gum by chewing it when she had the stomach flu. Later she realized that the experience also gave her a taste aversion to peppermint gum. This is an example of discrimination.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of generalization, where Shaleigh's conditioned response to spearmint gum extends to a similar stimulus, peppermint gum, rather than discrimination, which would involve distinguishing between different stimuli.

Question 3

When researchers want to use operant conditioning to train animals to perform complicated behaviors, they must use a step-by-step procedure called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When researchers want to use operant conditioning...

Question 4

One of the difficulties in demonstrating that exposure to media violence increases aggression is the fact that much of the research on media violence and aggression relies on _______________ designs, which do not allow researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the difficulties in demonstrating that...

Question 5

Learning that involves processes such as thinking and remembering is called _________________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning that involves processes such as thinking...

Question 6

A slot machine is a classic example of a(n) ________________ schedule of reinforcement because players never know how many times they will have to pull the arm before they win again.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A slot machine is a classic example...

Question 7

An unconditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without any prior learning or conditioning necessary. This means that the response to the UCS is automatic or reflexive.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the relationship between media violence and aggression?
A) Watching media violence definitely causes children to become more aggressive.
B) Watching media violence is positively correlated with aggression, but it is difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
C) Media violence and aggression are unrelated.
D) Having an aggressive temperament actually causes children to watch more violent media.

Accepted Answer

While there is a correlation between watching media violence and aggression, it is difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. Other factors, such as individual temperament and parenting style, can also contribute to aggressive behavior in children.

Question 9

Researchers have demonstrated that _______ responses can be conditioned so that people will start to have fearful responses (e.g., palm sweat) to pictures of snakes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have demonstrated that _______ responses can...

Question 10

The four processes involved in ______________________ include attention to the act or behavior, memory for it, the ability to reproduce it, and the motivation to do so.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The four processes involved in ______________________ include...

Question 11

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to
A) Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study.
B) Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study.
C) Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him.
D) the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study.

Accepted Answer

The term Bobo doll refers to the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study.

Question 12

Although they make learning more challenging in the short term, ___________________ actually promote long-term learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although they make learning more challenging in...

Question 13

When one of Pavlov's dogs salivated in response to the food, the salivation was a(n) ________________, but when the dogs salivated to the sound of a metronome, the salivation should be called a(n) _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When one of Pavlov's dogs salivated in...

Question 14

Extinction is the result of forgetting.

Accepted Answer

Extinction in psychology refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response, which occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. It is not related to forgetting but rather to the process of learning that the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 15

A key difference between operant and classical conditioning is that in classical conditioning a response is not required for a reward (or unconditioned stimulus) to be presented.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, a stimulus is presented (either rewarding or punishing) regardless of the recipient's response, while in operant conditioning, a reward or punishment is contingent upon a specific behavior or response.

Question 16

One of the primary mechanisms that allows observational learning to take place is ______________, the recreating of a motor behavior or expression, often to accomplish a specific goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the primary mechanisms that allows...

Question 17

After a response is extinguished it will not be exhibited again.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While an extinguished response may be suppressed for a period of time, it can still be exhibited again under certain circumstances, such as with the reintroduction of the original reinforcing stimulus.

Question 18

All forms of classical conditioning require multiple parings of stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning can occur with a single pairing of stimuli if the unconditioned stimulus is particularly strong or the event is especially traumatic, leading to a strong and immediate conditioned response.

Question 19

One reason why drug users increase their dosages over time is a classical conditioning phenomenon known as _____________________, which involves physiological responses in preparation for drug administration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason why drug users increase their...

Question 20

Having a gold star placed on one's spelling quiz would be a secondary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A gold star is a secondary reinforcer because it has no inherent value, but it is associated with the primary reinforcer of receiving praise or recognition for a job well done.

Quiz 6: Learning