Question 1

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind is called:

Accepted Answer

An altered state of consciousness is a form of experience that differs significantly from the subjective experience of the world and the mind in a normal waking state. Examples of altered states of consciousness include hypnosis, meditation, drug-induced states, and near-death experiences.

Question 2

Being fully awake is to quiet resting as:

Accepted Answer

Beta-wave activity is associated with being fully awake and alert, while alpha-wave activity is associated with quiet resting and relaxation. Therefore, the comparison between being fully awake and quiet resting is best represented by the comparison between beta-wave activity and alpha-wave activity.

Question 3

As manager of a new movie theatre,Ralph arranged to have messages about popcorn and candy flashed on the screen during the movie so quickly that they were outside of conscious awareness.Messages like this are called:

Accepted Answer

Messages that are flashed on the screen so quickly that they are outside of conscious awareness are called subliminal stimuli.

Question 4

When questioned by her parents about her pattern of late-night activity followed by oversleeping,Meadow might correctly attribute her rest-activity cycle to the fact that she is a _____-hour person living in a _____-hour world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When questioned by her parents about her...

Question 5

If a person is awake and driving a car,a recording of the brain's EEG pattern would probably contain a considerable number of _____ waves.

Accepted Answer

Beta waves are associated with wakefulness and alertness, making them the most likely wave present during driving while awake. Kappa waves do not exist, alpha waves are present during relaxation but may be suppressed during task performance, and delta waves are associated with deep sleep.

Question 6

As a newly graduated registered nurse,Monica begins working the night shift.Her struggle to stay alert at work is probably due to an interruption of her usual:

Accepted Answer

The circadian rhythm is the biological clock that regulates a person's sleep-wake cycle. It is controlled by an internal clock in the brain that responds to light and dark cues from the environment. Since Monica has started working the night shift, her circadian rhythm is likely disrupted, causing her to struggle to stay alert during work hours when her body is typically programmed to sleep.

Question 7

A circadian rhythm is a naturally occurring _____ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle that is controlled by an internal clock in the body. This cycle is responsible for regulating various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and metabolism.

Question 8

Greenwald (1992)presented the words enemy loses subliminally to participants.These participants then:

Accepted Answer

According to the study, participants who were presented with the subliminal message of "enemy loses" were more likely to think of negative things, indicating a negative impact rather than a positive one. None of the other options are mentioned or implied in the study.

Question 9

According to dual-process theory,which function would NOT be processed by the "fast" System 1?

Accepted Answer

Dual-process theory suggests that System 1 is automatic and effortless, processing things like recognizing faces, reading words, and walking while distracted. However, the processing of challenging multiple-choice questions on an exam requires deliberate attention and effort, and therefore would be processed by System 2. Writing your name on an exam may also require some level of conscious effort and attention to detail, so it could also be processed by System 2.

Question 10

Dreaming is considered to be a(n):

Accepted Answer

Dreaming is considered to be an altered state of consciousness where the brain is still functioning but in a different pattern than when we are fully awake or fully asleep.

Question 11

Based on EEG records,it appears that sleep can be divided into _____ phases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on EEG records,it appears that sleep...

Question 12

In a study on the effects of subliminal persuasion,Bargh and colleagues (1996)found that students exposed to words commonly associated with aging (for example,Florida,gray,wrinkled):

Accepted Answer

The study found that students exposed to words commonly associated with aging walked more slowly down the hall as they were leaving the study than did those not exposed to the "aging" words. This suggests that subliminal persuasion can have an impact on behavior, even if it is not consciously recognized by the individual.

Question 13

Sometimes people experience sensations of falling while _____,a phenomenon termed _____.

Accepted Answer

The sensations of falling while falling asleep are known as hypnic jerks. This is a common phenomenon, and it is thought to be caused by the brain's misinterpreting the relaxation of the body's muscles as a signal that it is falling. This can lead to a sudden jerk or twitch and a feeling of falling, which can be quite startling.

Question 14

According to dual-process theory,which function would NOT be processed by the "slow" System 2?

Accepted Answer

Reading the words to a question on an exam is typically an automatic process handled by the "fast" System 1, not the deliberate and effortful "slow" System 2.

Question 15

The hypnagogic state of consciousness occurs:

Accepted Answer

The hypnagogic state of consciousness, also known as the "borderland state," occurs as we begin to fall asleep, and is characterized by vivid sensory experiences and a dream-like state of consciousness.

Question 16

In a study on roommate preference,people who had to choose which of three hypothetical candidates would be the best roommate made the BEST decision when:

Accepted Answer

Unconscious deliberation allows for complex information processing without the biases and limitations of conscious thought, leading to better decision-making.

Question 17

Stage 2 sleep is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of sleep spindles, which are bursts of rapid brain activity.

Question 18

In the absence of clocks,miners trapped underground for several weeks probably will adopt a rest-activity cycle that is _____ hours in length.

Accepted Answer

The rest-activity cycle of humans without external time cues tends to be longer than 24 hours, usually around 25-26 hours. Therefore, choice C (about 25) is the most accurate answer. Choices A and B are too short, while choice D is too long.

Question 19

Slow-wave sleep is also known as:

Accepted Answer

Slow-wave sleep refers to stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep, during which the brain waves slow down and become synchronized. REM sleep is a separate stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreams. Hypnopompic sleep refers to the transition from sleep to wakefulness, rather than a specific stage of sleep. Stage 5 sleep does not exist; there are only 4 stages of non-REM sleep followed by REM sleep.

Question 20

The brain waves associated with the first stage of sleep are called _____ waves.

Accepted Answer

Theta waves are associated with stage 1 sleep. Alpha waves are associated with relaxation and meditation, beta waves are associated with alertness and concentration, and delta waves are associated with deep sleep.

Quiz 5: Consciousness