Question 1

A particular gene has been found more often among alcoholics and their children.This incidence:

Accepted Answer

The fact that a particular gene has been found more often among alcoholics and their children suggests that genetic factors may influence one's reactions to alcohol. However, it does not necessarily mean that one's genetic endowment causes alcoholism, nor does it explain why children of alcoholics must drink more alcohol to maintain their feeling of intoxication. It also does not provide evidence to support the idea that one's drug-consumption behavior can affect one's genetic legacy.

Question 2

The fact that children of alcoholic parents typically display faster hormonal and psychological reactions to alcohol was discussed as evidence suggesting the impact of _____________ factors on sensitivity to alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The fact that children of alcoholic parents have faster hormonal and psychological reactions to alcohol suggests the impact of genetic factors on sensitivity to alcohol.

Question 3

Which of the following is a hallucinogen derived from a natural source (as opposed to being synthetic)?

Accepted Answer

Psilocybin is derived from naturally occurring mushrooms, while LSD, phencyclidine, and MDMA are all synthetic drugs.

Question 4

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are classified as stimulants, they increase energy, alertness, and attention while suppressing appetite and fatigue. Barbiturates are depressants, alcohol is a CNS depressant that has different effects depending on quantity, and marijuana is a combination of a depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen.

Question 5

The active ingredient in the marijuana plant is:

Accepted Answer

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component in marijuana that produces the "high" sensation. It binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and affects various cognitive and physiological processes. Opium is a completely different substance derived from the poppy plant, and GABA is a neurotransmitter found in the brain that is not directly related to the effects of marijuana. "Cannabinoids" is a general term used to describe the various compounds found in marijuana, including THC. So, A is the best choice as it directly answers the question.

Question 6

The effects of pain reduction and euphoria induction are elicited by drugs called _________.

Accepted Answer

Opiates such as morphine and heroin bind to opioid receptors in the brain, which can lead to pain reduction and feelings of euphoria. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines increase energy and alertness, but do not typically have a pain-reducing effect. Endorphins are natural neurotransmitters in the body that can reduce pain, but they are not drugs that are ingested. Hallucinogens can produce altered states of consciousness, but they do not typically have an effect on pain reduction or euphoria induction.

Question 7

All of the following were mentioned as myths associated with the use of marijuana EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Repeated use of marijuana does produce tolerance, which is not a myth. The other options are myths associated with marijuana use.

Question 8

Which of the following provides the best description of how stimulants affect the brain?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, as the name suggests, stimulate the nervous system and increase neural firing. This results in an increase in alertness, focus, and energy. Common examples of stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine. They do not act as sedatives or hallucinogens, nor do they decrease neural activity.

Question 9

The drugs mescaline,psilocybin,and LSD are all classified as:

Accepted Answer

Mescaline, psilocybin, and LSD are all known as hallucinogens, which means they are psychoactive substances that can cause profound changes in perception, mood, and thought. These substances can produce alterations in sensory experiences, including seeing, hearing, and feeling things that are not actually present. They are distinct from other types of drugs, such as stimulants and depressants, which have different effects on the brain and behavior.

Question 10

According to the text,cocaine and amphetamines are both classified as:

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that both cocaine and amphetamines are stimulants.

Question 11

The inevitable "crash" that occurs when heavy users of amphetamines stop taking the drug happens because:

Accepted Answer

The heavy use of amphetamines depletes the neuron's supplies of norepinephrine and dopamine. When the drug is suddenly stopped, there is a lack of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, resulting in a crash. This is why withdrawal symptoms occur, including feelings of fatigue, depression, and anxiety.

Question 12

Researchers have determined that mice can be bred to inherit a strong preference for drinking alcohol instead of water.Regarding the effect of this drug,a significant role may be played by __________ factors.

Accepted Answer

The fact that mice can be bred to inherit a strong preference for drinking alcohol suggests that genetics have a significant role to play in the effect of this drug on the mice. Environmental and behavioral factors may also contribute to alcohol preference, but the fact that the mice can be selectively bred for this trait strongly suggests a genetic component. Psychological factors may come into play as well, but are not as directly related to the inheritance of alcohol preference as genetic factors are.

Question 13

Heroin,which was originally marketed as a cough suppressant,is a highly addictive _________.

Accepted Answer

Heroin is classified as an opiate or opioid, which means it is derived from opium poppy plants and acts on the brain's opioid receptors to produce pain relief and euphoria. It is highly addictive and can lead to physical dependence and overdose.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of opiates on the brain and body?

Accepted Answer

Opiates bind to receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing pain sensations and inducing a feeling of euphoria. They also slow down certain bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate, leading to a general sense of relaxation and sedation. They do not increase neural firing or arouse the nervous system.

Question 15

Depressants and opiates are similar in terms of their typical effects on consciousness in that both result in:

Accepted Answer

Depressants and opiates both slow down the central nervous system, leading to impairments in psychological functioning such as decreased alertness, slower reaction times, and difficulty with concentration and memory. While opiates can also provide pain relief, this is not a typical effect of depressants. Euphoria and enhanced sensory experiences are more commonly associated with stimulants and psychedelics, respectively.

Question 16

THC the active ingredient in marijuana increases the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

THC increases the activity of dopamine, which is the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation.

Question 17

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the three myths associated with marijuana?

Accepted Answer

The myth that there are no significant dangers associated with using marijuana was mentioned as one of the three myths associated with marijuana.

Question 18

The greatest danger of hallucinogens is that:

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens can produce unpredictable mental effects, which can lead to dangerous situations. These drugs can cause hallucinations, altered perceptions, and other symptoms that can be difficult to control or manage, particularly in inexperienced users. Additionally, the effects of these drugs can vary depending on the individual, the dose, and the specific drug being used, making it difficult to predict how a person will react.

Question 19

Drugs such as angel dust and acid which usually function to distort or intensify sensory experience and can blur the boundary between reality and fantasy are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens such as angel dust (PCP) and acid (LSD) are known to produce altered states of consciousness, distort sensory experiences, and blur the boundary between reality and fantasy. Depressants (e.g. alcohol, barbiturates), opiates (e.g. heroin, morphine), and stimulants (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines) have different effects and mechanisms of action.

Question 20

Opiates bind to and activate receptor sites that are usually activated by ________.

Accepted Answer

Opiates bind to and activate receptor sites that are usually activated by endorphins, which are naturally occurring chemicals in the body that help to alleviate pain and produce feelings of pleasure and well-being.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness