Question 1

Shamus grew up in an impoverished neighbourhood with a lot of crime and poor educational opportunities.Because everyone fought over the few available resources,sometimes the only way to stay alive was to fight or steal.Shamus wants to go to college so he can build a better life for himself.When he begins taking classes,he's stunned by how little in the way of "street smarts" his classmates have.They might get better grades than he does,he thinks,but they wouldn't survive a week in the environment in which he grew up.About what kind of intellectual competence is Shamus thinking?

Accepted Answer

Shamus is referring to practical intelligence, which includes the ability to adapt to new situations and solve everyday problems. He is suggesting that his classmates may have more academic intelligence (analytical intelligence), but they lack the practical knowledge and street smarts that he has gained through his experiences.

Question 2

Dr.Tavorian is developing a new intelligence theory.He believes that intelligence consists of several different facets,but he doesn't know how many.He gives his subjects a variety of tests that measure different mental skills.To figure out which tests are tapping the same aspects of intelligence,he should use

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical technique that is commonly used to identify which tests on an intelligence battery are measuring the same overall factor or facet of intelligence. It involves analyzing the correlations between different tests and identifying underlying factors that explain those correlations. Therefore, factor analysis is the best choice for Dr. Tavorian to use in order to identify which tests are tapping different facets of intelligence.

Question 3

When Janine takes the personality test in the latest issue of Appeal magazine,her scores suggest that she is kind,generous,and caring.When she retakes the test later that week with several friends,her scores suggest she is self-centered,vain,and competitive.Janine's wildly different scores suggest a significant

Accepted Answer

Janine's wildly different scores suggest a lack of test-retest reliability, meaning that the test results are inconsistent and do not produce consistent results over time. This may be due to the nature of the test questions or the test-takers' changing moods or perceptions.

Question 4

Sinead has never been a particularly good student,but she has always been popular.She knows that she reads and responds accurately to others' emotions,and often tells people she has emotional intelligence.Alex,who prefers g theory,disagrees by presenting one of the most common arguments against emotional intelligence,saying that

Accepted Answer

Alex argues that emotional intelligence stretches the concept of intelligence too far from its original focus on mental abilities.

Question 5

Ted was bored by school,so his grades were poor throughout primary and secondary school.He eventually dropped out and started a business rebuilding classic cars with modern engines.Ted's business is very successful,and he loves what he does.Is Ted intelligent?

Accepted Answer

Ted may not have excelled in traditional academic settings, but his success in building a thriving business suggests that he has intelligence in other areas. He has demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge relevant to his field, reason effectively in addressing challenges that arise in his business, and adapt to the ever-changing demands of the market. Intelligence is not limited to academic performance, and Ted's success in his chosen field suggests that he possesses a kind of intelligence that is often overlooked in traditional educational settings.

Question 6

Mairead often hikes or camps by herself,and she's able to navigate the wilderness based on cues like the position of the sun,the flow of water,and the behaviour of the local wildlife.Animals seem to instinctively like her,and everything she plants in her garden grows.Mairead probably has

Accepted Answer

Mairead's ability to navigate the wilderness and understand the behaviour of local wildlife suggests a high level of naturalistic intelligence. Additionally, her success in growing plants in her garden also points to this intelligence, as it involves an understanding of the natural world and ability to work effectively with it.

Question 7

Monica recently completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)and was told that her IQ falls at the mean of the distribution of IQ scores.This means that

Accepted Answer

A score at the mean of the distribution of IQ scores is 100. Therefore, Monica's IQ score is 100.

Question 8

Kahlil has never felt that he is particularly smart.He doesn't "get" things as quickly as other people do,and he has to work hard for his good grades.However,because he is determined to be the first in his family to complete college and land a good job,he is willing to put in the extra time and practice.When he graduates from college,he chooses a career that allows him to apply all of his carefully memorized facts and theories.In other words,Kahlil is relying on his

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills that are heavily influenced by education and cultural background. Kahlil's determination to work hard and memorize facts and theories in order to achieve his goals demonstrates his reliance on crystallized intelligence.

Question 9

Nikki has just taken an IQ test and wants to know what exactly intelligence is.The person who tested her says he believes intelligence is one thing that cuts across virtually all tasks one completes.This core ability is

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D, general intelligence (g), as it describes the idea that there is a core ability or factor that contributes to performance across various intellectual tasks. This concept has been supported by research in psychometrics and is one of the most widely accepted theories of intelligence. Option A, gainful loss (gl), is not a recognized concept in the study of intelligence. Option B, general mental age (gm), is a term commonly used in developmental psychology to describe a child's overall level of cognitive functioning, but it does not apply to adults and is not a comprehensive measure of intelligence. Option C, mental giftedness (mg), describes an exceptional level of intelligence or talent in a specific area, but it does not encompass the broader idea of general intelligence.

Question 10

One theorist argues against a single g factor and suggests that we focus instead on the abilities that are most adaptive in the culture being observed,whether they are book smarts,musical smarts,or sports smarts.In other words,this concept of intelligence includes not only mental competencies but also adaptive abilities.This theory is called the

Accepted Answer

The theory being described is the multiple intelligences theory, which suggests that intelligence includes a range of abilities beyond just the traditional measure of IQ, and that these abilities are culturally specific and can include things like musical or sports abilities, as well as mental competencies.

Question 11

Sean is fascinated by his classes on psychological assessment.He's curious about what sorts of information processing and cognitive processes make one "intelligent." He would probably like a class or career dealing with

Accepted Answer

Sean's interest in what cognitive processes make one intelligent aligns with the field of cognitive-processes theories.

Question 12

Alfred Binet was commissioned to develop the first true intelligence test.The test was intended to be used to

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet was commissioned to develop the first true intelligence test to identify schoolchildren who would need remedial help as early as possible. The goal was to help educators and psychologists identify children who were struggling and provide them with additional support and resources to ensure academic success.

Question 13

The first intelligence quotients were produced by comparing children's mental ages with the mental ages of their same-age peers.This means that if a seven-year-old child was performing as if she were a six-year-old,her IQ would be

Accepted Answer

If a seven-year-old child performed as if she were a six-year-old, her mental age would be 6/7 of her chronological age, which is about 0.86. Multiplying this by 100 gives an IQ score of about 86, which is below average.

Question 14

Tyrese tells you his brother recently took the WPPSI.Therefore,you know that his brother must be

Accepted Answer

The WPPSI is a cognitive assessment tool designed for children between the ages of 2 years 6 months and 7 years 7 months. Therefore, Tyrese's brother must be in preschool or primary school if he recently took the WPPSI.

Question 15

Rasha has always been considered quick and clever by those around her.She is usually the first to see a solution when faced with a novel problem,and her ideas tend to be unusual and creative.Rasha probably has high

Accepted Answer

Rasha's ability to see solutions to novel problems and come up with unusual and creative ideas suggest that she has high fluid intelligence, which is the ability to think abstractly and solve problems. Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education, which may also be relevant for Rasha but is not as strongly indicated in the given information. Emotional intelligence and naturalistic intelligence are not directly relevant to Rasha's problem-solving abilities.

Question 16

Martin is a very successful trial attorney.He rarely loses a case,because he is so good at convincing the jury to see them from his point of view.He is also active in his community and makes speeches to various groups to persuade them to support the causes in which he believes.His friends joke that he can charm anyone with his silver tongue and that he should run for political office.Martin probably has

Accepted Answer

Martin's ability to persuade others through his speech and charm suggests a high level of linguistic intelligence, which is the ability to use language effectively to express oneself and to understand and interpret language. Logical-mathematical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence do not seem to be as relevant to Martin's skills and abilities as a trial attorney and persuasive speaker.

Question 17

Sovann enjoys mathematics and statistical analyses so much that she has considered becoming a statistician.When she learns about psychological testing,however,she is intrigued by the idea of describing how people differ from one another using mathematical quantifications.Sovann might enjoy working in

Accepted Answer

Psychometrics is the field of study that involves measuring psychological constructs using mathematical and statistical methods. It involves developing and validating tests and assessments to measure various traits, abilities, and characteristics of individuals. This aligns well with Sovann's interest in using mathematical quantifications to describe how people differ from one another.

Question 18

Larry tells you his 10-year-old cousin recently completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV).Larry knows his cousin's score was 120,but he is not sure what this means.You should tell him that his cousin

Accepted Answer

A score of 120 on the WISC-IV places Larry's cousin in the 91st percentile, meaning that they scored higher than 91% of other 10-year-olds who took the test. This indicates an above-average level of intelligence for their age group.

Question 19

One cognitive-processing theorist suggests that researchers should examine not only the processes involved in intelligent behaviour but also the forms intelligence can take.The theory refers to people who emphasize framing problems and developing strategies as intelligent because they are adept at adaptive problem solving.This approach is called the

Accepted Answer

The triarchic theory of intelligence emphasizes the different forms intelligence can take, including the ability to solve novel problems through adaptive thinking and developing strategies. This approach is sometimes referred to as "practical intelligence."

Question 20

Margaret took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)and was told that she has an IQ of 90.Margaret is certain this proves that her teachers are grading her unfairly when they give her C's.Margaret's friend Latisha explained that an IQ of 90 is not the same as a grading of 90 percent.Instead,it means that Margaret's

Accepted Answer

An IQ score of 90 falls below the mean and is slightly below average. It does not indicate developmental disability or high intelligence. It also does not correspond to a percentage grade in school. The other answer choices either make incorrect assumptions or are not possible based on the given information.

Quiz 10: Intelligence