Question 1

After studying biology all afternoon,Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning.Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of After studying biology all afternoon,Alonzo is having...

Question 2

Knowledge of Latin can help people to learn French.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Positive transfer refers to when previous learning facilitates new learning. In this case, knowledge of Latin could help someone to learn French because French has many words derived from Latin. This is an example of positive transfer.

Question 3

When asked misleading questions after observing an accident,eyewitnesses often reconstruct their initial memories of the event.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The mentioned scenario is an example of the misinformation effect. It refers to the ability of post-event information to influence or distort an individual's memory of an event. Eyewitnesses may incorporate misinformation provided to them after an event, leading to a reconstruction of their initial memory. This phenomenon has important implications in various fields, including the legal system.

Question 4

We often modify our long-term memories in light of our current knowledge and expectations.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Reconsolidation refers to the process of modifying and updating existing long-term memories when they are retrieved and brought back into working memory. This occurs in light of new knowledge and expectations, which can alter the original memory and create a new version of it. Therefore, the impact of modifying long-term memories in light of current knowledge and expectations is best illustrated by reconsolidation.

Question 5

When people who viewed a filmed car accident were asked how fast the vehicles were going when they smashed into each other,they developed memories of the accident that

Accepted Answer

This is known as the misinformation effect, where people's memories of an event can be influenced by incorrect information, leading them to remember the event as being more serious than it actually was. This was demonstrated in the study where participants were asked how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, when in reality they only "hit" each other.

Question 6

Jackie frequently experiences intrusive memories of an emotionally traumatic experience that she has been trying to forget.Her intrusive memories provide evidence of unsuccessful memory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jackie frequently experiences intrusive memories of an...

Question 7

In one experiment,people were prompted to recall two events supposedly from their past.One was a false event that involved their committing a crime.The experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The experiment showed that people were led to construct a false memory of committing a crime, demonstrating how easy it is to implant false memories in individuals. This indicates that people may not always be able to distinguish between true and false memories, and that memories are vulnerable to distortion. However, the experiment did not find evidence for options A and C.

Question 8

Two people learned nonsense syllables and then tried to recall them after up to eight hours had elapsed.Researchers observed that forgetting occurred LEAST rapidly when the individuals spent their time

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, and therefore, forgetting occurs least rapidly when individuals spend their time sleeping.

Question 9

It's evening and we're mentally replaying the day's events.We picture our facial expressions as we listened to a friend's tale of woe.Because we were unable to see those expressions at the time,our recall illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes memory construction, which is the process of creating a memory based on imagination, guesswork, or incomplete information. The fact that we are mentally replaying the events and imagining our own facial expressions shows that our memory is not simply a playback of what happened, but is constructed based on our interpretations and perceptions.

Question 10

Who emphasized that we repress anxiety-arousing memories?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud emphasized that we repress anxiety-arousing memories. He believed that repressed memories reside in the unconscious mind and can lead to psychological disorders if not properly addressed.

Question 11

The misinformation effect refers to the

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect refers to the incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event. For example, if eyewitnesses are given different information or suggestions about an event, it may distort their memory and they may recall things that never actually happened.

Question 12

Repression most clearly involves a failure in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repression most clearly involves a failure in
...

Question 13

Source amnesia refers to

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia refers to the phenomenon in which a person recalls information, but can no longer remember where or how they acquired that information. This can lead to misremembering information as original, when it was actually learned or imagined from an external source.

Question 14

Donald Thompson was an initial suspect in a rape case.The rape victim confused her memories of Thompson and the actual rapist because she had seen Thompson's image on TV shortly before she was attacked.The victim's false recollection best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The victim's confusion between Donald Thompson and the actual rapist is an example of source amnesia, in which she cannot accurately remember the source of her memories. The victim's false recollection is not related to the serial position effect (A), retroactive interference (B), or déjà vu (D).

Question 15

Authors and songwriters sometimes think an idea came from their own creative imagination,when in fact they are unintentionally plagiarizing something they earlier read or heard.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia refers to the inability to recall where or when a particular piece of information was acquired. This can lead to unintentional plagiarism, where individuals may believe they came up with an idea themselves when in fact they are drawing on something they previously read or heard, but have forgotten the source.

Question 16

Learning a new online banking password may block the recall of a familiar old password.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning a new online banking password may...

Question 17

After having seen many pictures of the Lincoln Memorial during his lifetime,Mr.Adams mistakenly recalled that he had actually visited the site.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia is a memory error in which an individual remembers information but cannot remember from where or how the information was acquired. In this case, Mr. Adams had seen many pictures of the Lincoln Memorial and mistakenly recalled that he had visited the site, indicating a source amnesia memory error. Proactive interference is when old information interferes with the ability to recall new information, so it is not relevant. Implicit memory refers to unconscious memories such as procedural and classically conditioned memories, while positive transfer refers to the facilitation of learning a new task based on experience with a similar task. These are not applicable to the scenario described.

Question 18

A process in which previously stored memories,when retrieved,are altered before being stored again is called

Accepted Answer

The process of previously stored memories being altered when retrieved and then stored again is called reconsolidation. Retroactive interference refers to the disruption of information recall caused by new learning or information, while proactive interference refers to the disruption of information recall caused by previously learned information. Repression is a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously blocks out traumatic or stressful memories.

Question 19

Philippe has just completed medical school.In reflecting on his years of formal education,he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him.According to Freud,his forgetting illustrates

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that forgetting can be caused by the unconscious suppression, or repression, of memories that are too painful or threatening to consciously remember. In this case, Philippe may have repressed the memory of his fifth-grade teacher who flunked him because it was a negative and unpleasant experience.

Question 20

An attorney uses misleading questions to distort a court witness's recall of a previously observed crime.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The use of misleading questions is a common way to manipulate a witness's memory, resulting in the misinformation effect. This effect suggests that memories can be altered by the introduction of misleading information after an event has occurred, leading to inaccurate recollections. The other options are not relevant to the scenario described in the question.

Quiz 7: Memory