Question 1

Behavioral conditioning therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of

Accepted Answer

Behavioral conditioning therapies, such as exposure therapy, have been found to be particularly effective in treating phobias. These types of therapies focus on changing behavior through exposure to the feared object or situation and reinforcing positive behaviors. They may also incorporate techniques such as relaxation training and positive reinforcement.

Question 2

When his clients indicated that they no longer needed to see him,Dr.Williams assumed that their problems had been resolved.Dr.Williams is ________ between their leaving therapy and their mental health.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Williams is making an illusory correlation by assuming that his clients leaving therapy means their problems have been resolved. He may be overlooking other factors that could be influencing their decision to leave therapy, such as financial constraints or a lack of connection with the therapist.

Question 3

Glenda put a lot of time and expense into trying to achieve positive cognitive and behavioral changes through psychotherapy.Which of the following factors is most likely to lead her to exaggerate the effectiveness of her psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Glenda's investment in therapy likely created a cognitive dissonance where she needs to justify the time and expense spent. As a result, she may exaggerate the effectiveness of her psychotherapy to lessen the discomfort of cognitive dissonance.

Question 4

The best outcome studies for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy typically use

Accepted Answer

Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy. They involve randomly assigning participants to either the treatment group or a control group and comparing outcomes between the two groups. This method helps to ensure that any improvements seen in the treatment group are due to the therapy itself and not other factors. Virtual reality and EMDR are specific types of treatment approaches, not evaluation methods. Token economies are used primarily in behavioral therapy, and while they can be effective, they are not the best outcome measure for all types of psychotherapy.

Question 5

There is little or no scientific support for the therapeutic effectiveness of

Accepted Answer

Rebirthing therapies have been shown to be ineffective and even dangerous, with reports of deaths and injuries resulting from their use. Systematic desensitization, aversive conditioning, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, on the other hand, have a strong evidence base for their effectiveness in treating a variety of psychological disorders.

Question 6

Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are more likely to be overly positive because

Accepted Answer

Therapists may have a bias towards perceiving the effectiveness of psychotherapy as overly positive because clients who achieve their therapy goals are more likely to leave therapy and emphasize their psychological well-being as a reason for leaving. On the other hand, clients who do not achieve their therapy goals may continue therapy or leave and emphasize financial reasons for doing so, which may not reflect as positively on the therapy. Therefore, therapists may be more likely to perceive their success rates as higher than they actually are due to this selection bias.

Question 7

The placebo effect refers to

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect refers to the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective. It is not related to psychotherapy or aerobic exercise, and does not specifically involve the use of drugs in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 8

Mr.Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress.His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon of a person experiencing a perceived reduction in symptoms or improvement in their condition through the administration of a treatment that is actually inert or has no therapeutic value. In this scenario, Mr. Gotanda experienced immediate relief from his symptoms following his intake interview with the therapist, even though no actual treatment was provided. This suggests that his relief may have been due to the placebo effect.

Question 9

Hans Eysenck launched a spirited debate regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy because he found that it appeared to be

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck's research found that the effectiveness of psychotherapy was no more beneficial than no treatment at all. He concluded that spontaneous remission or natural recovery from psychological disorders may account for apparent improvements after psychotherapy.

Question 10

Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received.This helps us understand why therapists

Accepted Answer

If clients only stay in touch with their psychotherapists if satisfied with the treatment they received, therapists may overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy based solely on positive feedback. This highlights the potential for therapists to have biases and blind spots in their practice.

Question 11

Research has shown that clients' level of satisfaction with psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has shown that clients' level of...

Question 12

In reading a survey measuring his clients' satisfaction with his services,Dr.Jamison accepted many of their positive comments but bypassed most of the negative comments and assumed these negative comments were due to client issues.Dr.Jamison concluded that he is a very effective therapist.Dr.Jamison may be influenced by

Accepted Answer

Dr.Jamison's tendency to accept positive comments and ignore negative ones suggests that he may be experiencing confirmation bias, which is the tendency to seek out information that confirms one's preconceptions while ignoring information that contradicts them.

Question 13

To help Mr.Eberstadt overcome alcohol use disorder,his therapist first attempted to discover whether his misuse of alcohol was somehow a reaction to his wife's behavior.The therapist's concern is most likely to be characteristic of a

Accepted Answer

The therapist's concern about Mr. Eberstadt's alcohol misuse being a reaction to his wife's behavior suggests a focus on the family dynamics and relationships, which is a key aspect of family therapy. Family therapists often explore how family interactions can contribute to an individual's mental health struggles, including substance misuse.

Question 14

Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia.The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Claustrophobia involves a fear of enclosed spaces, and behavior therapy would be the most effective way to treat this through exposure therapy and other behavioral techniques to help Ron overcome his fear. Cognitive therapy might help him understand his fear better, but wouldn't necessarily help him overcome it. Psychoanalytic and person-centered therapies are less effective for specific phobias like claustrophobia.

Question 15

Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be helpful in the treatment of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be...

Question 16

One strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy is to compare people who enter psychotherapy with a control group of people who do not receive psychotherapy.When researchers combine and summarize the results of studies using this strategy,what overall conclusions emerge?

Accepted Answer

The most consistent finding across studies using this strategy is that psychotherapy is significantly more effective than no treatment in producing an improvement in symptoms. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 17

People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives.This helps us understand why they

Accepted Answer

The answer of People often enter psychotherapy during a period...

Question 18

Jajuan has a mild case of depression initiated by a break-up with his girlfriend.Which therapy has proven to be effective in treating his condition?

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is effective for treating mild depression as it focuses on providing a supportive environment that helps individuals explore and resolve their feelings.

Question 19

Which form of therapy has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. This therapy helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that are associated with their trauma. It also involves exposure therapy, in which individuals are gradually exposed to the trauma-related stimuli in a safe and controlled environment to help them overcome their anxiety and fear.

Question 20

After analyzing the results of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies,researchers reported that

Accepted Answer

The researchers reported that evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapy based on analyzing 475 psychotherapy outcome studies.

Quiz 14: Therapy