Question 1

In behavioural-genetic research,the ________ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences you shared with your siblings and parents.

Accepted Answer

The shared environment in behavioural-genetic research refers to the family background in which an individual grew up, including shared experiences with siblings and parents. This is in contrast to the nonshared environment, which refers to experiences that are unique to each individual within a family. The surface structure and deep structure do not relate to this concept of family environment in behavioural-genetic research.

Question 2

When child-rearing methods have been studied,researchers have found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When child-rearing methods have been studied,researchers have...

Question 3

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

Accepted Answer

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits typically hover around 0.50, indicating that about half of the variation in personality traits among individuals can be attributed to genetic differences.

Question 4

Personality traits that are highly heritable:

Accepted Answer

Personality traits that are highly heritable can be influenced or changed through experience. While genetics play a strong role in determining personality traits, environmental factors such as upbringing, life experiences, and learned behaviors can also shape personality. Therefore, these traits are not rigidly fixed by genetic inheritance and can be strengthened or diminished through experience.

Question 5

Heritability studies of personality show that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heritability studies of personality show that:
...

Question 6

Shannon and Michael are concerned that their extremely reactive daughter will become an extremely subdued and fearful child.After reading about genetics and personality,you tell them,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shannon and Michael are concerned that their...

Question 7

Developmental psychologists have attempted to identify the effects of many specific child-rearing practices on children's personality traits.The problem with this line of research is that:

Accepted Answer

The problem with this line of research is that parents are inconsistent from day to day and over the years. Child-rearing practices are not static or consistent, they change according to the time, specific child, circumstances, and parent's mood, among other factors. Parents may also use different child-rearing practices for different children, making it challenging to assess the impact of any specific child-rearing practice accurately. Thus, the inconsistency of parents makes it difficult to identify the effects of specific child-rearing practices on children's personality traits.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a factor that might cause personality differences in nontwin siblings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 9

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

The heritability of traits supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences. Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors. Studies on heritability have found that many personality traits are moderately to highly heritable, indicating that genetic factors play a significant role in shaping personality.

Question 10

Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a group of people,about ________ of the variation in happiness is attributable to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a...

Question 11

When considering the influence of genetics on personality,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A genetic predisposition means that a person may be more likely to exhibit certain personality traits or tendencies, but it does not mean that those traits are inevitable or cannot be influenced by environmental factors. It is possible for individuals to develop habits and behaviors that counteract their genetic predispositions.

Question 12

The textbook authors point out that in order to discuss the influence of the environment on personality,we must answer the question,"What is the environment?" The three crucial aspects of the environment,according to our authors,are:

Accepted Answer

The authors identify parents, peers, and particular situations as the three crucial aspects of the environment. While classmates and close friends could fall under the category of peers, and community standards and authority figures could fall under particular situations, the most precise answer is C. There is no mention of extended family interactions or just mother and father in the authors' description of the environment.

Question 13

Which of the following provides evidence supporting the view that parental child-rearing practices are the strongest influence on children's personality development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following provides evidence supporting...

Question 14

In the aftermath of the 2006 Dawson College shooting in Montreal,many people tried to find reasons for the behaviour of the young men,wondering about his upbringing.The reasoning followed the entrenched belief that:

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for the reasoning behind the behaviour of the young men, and option B is the closest to addressing this by mentioning parental child-rearing practices as a potential influence on their personality development. Option A is focused on gun control legislation, while option D is specific to media and entertainment, neither of which necessarily explain the behaviour of the young men. Option C is also incorrect as it suggests that genes are the sole determinant of behaviour, which is not true.

Question 15

In behavioural-genetic research,the ________ includes unique aspects of a person's experience,such as winning the lead in the school play.

Accepted Answer

The nonshared environment is the unique aspect of a person's experiences, which includes personal experiences, events, and interactions that are not shared with family members. Winning the lead in a school play is an example of a nonshared environment, as it is a unique experience that is not shared with siblings or parents. A shared environment (choice A) refers to experiences and environments that are shared by individuals who are raised in the same family, such as parenting practices, family income, and neighborhood. Deep structure (choice B) and surface structure (choice C) are linguistic concepts that are not applicable in the context of behavioural-genetic research.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The major environmental contribution to personality comes from the shared environment of the immediate family and the experiences shared with parents and siblings is a false statement. Research indicates that nonshared environment, which includes unique experiences and interactions outside of the immediate family, has a greater impact on personality development.

Question 17

Dakota's parents place a high value on academic achievement,but his peers do not.In this situation:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dakota's parents place a high value on...

Question 18

When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University,they found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at...

Question 19

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to innate personality traits which are believed to be largely genetic in origin. Research has shown that identical twins, who share 100% of their DNA, tend to have very similar temperaments compared to fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their DNA on average. This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in shaping personality.

Question 20

Behavioural geneticists would agree that within a group of people,about ________ of the variation in aggressiveness is attributable to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

Behavioural geneticists generally agree that around 50% of the variation in aggressiveness is attributable to genetic differences. This means that the other 50% of the variance is caused by environmental factors.

Quiz 14: Theories of Personality

In behavioural-genetic research,the ________ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences you shared with your siblings and parents.

When child-rearing methods have been studied,researchers have found that:

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

Personality traits that are highly heritable:

Heritability studies of personality show that:

Shannon and Michael are concerned that their extremely reactive daughter will become an extremely subdued and fearful child.After reading about genetics and personality,you tell them,

Developmental psychologists have attempted to identify the effects of many specific child-rearing practices on children's personality traits.The problem with this line of research is that:

Which of the following is NOT a factor that might cause personality differences in nontwin siblings?

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a group of people,about ________ of the variation in happiness is attributable to genetic differences.

When considering the influence of genetics on personality,which of the following is true?

The textbook authors point out that in order to discuss the influence of the environment on personality,we must answer the question,"What is the environment?" The three crucial aspects of the environment,according to our authors,are:

Which of the following provides evidence supporting the view that parental child-rearing practices are the strongest influence on children's personality development?

In the aftermath of the 2006 Dawson College shooting in Montreal,many people tried to find reasons for the behaviour of the young men,wondering about his upbringing.The reasoning followed the entrenched belief that:

In behavioural-genetic research,the ________ includes unique aspects of a person's experience,such as winning the lead in the school play.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Dakota's parents place a high value on academic achievement,but his peers do not.In this situation:

When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University,they found that:

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

Behavioural geneticists would agree that within a group of people,about ________ of the variation in aggressiveness is attributable to genetic differences.