Question 1

According to the text, what is the nature of recidivism?

Accepted Answer

Recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend, particularly after having been released from prison. Therefore, committing further crimes after having been convicted of a crime is the nature of recidivism. Option A refers to a violation of probation, option B refers to juvenile recidivism, and option C refers to parole violation.

Question 2

Jonathon and Jason are twins who started a rock band. They can both play several instruments and both can sing very well. However, other than being in the band together, the brothers are NOT in any other athletic or non-athletic groups. According to the text, what term describes the part of identity that accounts for the groups with which the brothers were involved?

Accepted Answer

Social identity refers to the part of one's identity that is defined by belonging to various social groups or categories, such as being a member of a certain club or team. The fact that the twins are only involved in their rock band suggests that this is a significant aspect of their social identity.

Question 3

Alex, a bass player in a rock band, had for years he worn his hair long. One day he changed the style to a much shorter look. When he arrived at the club for the band's next engagement, the other band members did not say anything but he thought that their silence was in fact a statement of disapproval. From that time on until his hair had once more grown long, he wore a hat to cover his short hair. According to the text, which theory of self might explain Alex's response to his band mates' perceived disapproval?

Accepted Answer

Cooley's "looking-glass self" theory suggests that individuals develop a sense of self based on how they believe others perceive them. Alex's decision to cover his short hair with a hat in response to his bandmates' perceived disapproval reflects this theory.

Question 4

According to the text, which of the following corresponds to Mead's theory of the development of the social self?

Accepted Answer

Mead's theory emphasizes the unique human capacity to interact based on shared meanings, which is central to the development of the social self.

Question 5

Canada and other nations are struggling to understand and deal with citizens who become "radicalized." One aspect of the issue is to try to identify such citizens before the issue becomes critical to national, local, and personal safety. Which of the following terms best describes one possible process for attempting to reverse the effects of radicalization?

Accepted Answer

Resocialization involves the process of changing an individual's beliefs or values and replacing them with new ones, which may help to reverse the effects of radicalization. This process often involves counseling, education, and exposure to alternative viewpoints. Reconformation is not a recognized term, and social facilitation refers to the phenomenon of people performing better in the presence of others. Social reintegration refers to the process of reintegrating individuals back into society after they have been isolated or excluded.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the concept of sociobiology?

Accepted Answer

Sociobiology is the study of social behavior in animals and humans, using evolutionary theory to explain behaviors such as altruism, aggression, and parental care. It suggests that social behavior has evolved through natural selection and is adaptive, meaning that it has helped individuals to survive and reproduce. Therefore, option A best describes the concept of sociobiology. Option B is too narrow, as sociobiology is not just about normative sex roles. Option C is related but overstated, and option D is too deterministic, as sociobiology considers the interaction between genetics and environmental factors.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the concept of biological determinism?

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism is the belief that human behavior is controlled by genetics, which suggests that individual traits and characteristics are determined by genetic makeup rather than environment or culture. Proponents of biological determinism argue that human behavior is largely innate and that an individual's behavioral tendencies and attributes are determined by biological factors.

Question 8

Mead's theory of the social self includes three stages of development. Which of the following is NOT one those stages?

Accepted Answer

Mead's theory of the social self includes the preparatory stage (birth to 3 years), the play stage (3 to 5 years), and the game stage (early school years). The transitional stage is not recognized in his theory.

Question 9

According to the text, which of the following corresponds to a perspective known as behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism is a school of thought that emphasizes observable phenomena and claims that all behaviour is learned from the environment. It also denies free will.

Question 10

Which of the following perspectives is credited to psychologist John B. Watson (1924)?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson is credited with the development of behaviourism, a psychological perspective that focuses on observable behaviour and external stimuli as the determinants of behaviour.

Question 11

According to the text, what is the feminist perspective regarding the nature of families in contemporary society?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, what is the...

Question 12

Grace and her grandfather were discussed her decision to become a firefighter rather than a nurse. Grandpa tried to explain to her that females were NOT capable of the strenuous and stressful work that certain careers entailed. Females, because of their smaller physical frames and gentler natures were best suited to the professions such as nurses and elementary school teachers. He added that traditional male-dominated professionals employed "firemen" and "policemen." In which theoretical perspective do Grace's grandfather beliefs lie?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Grace and her grandfather were discussed her...

Question 13

According to the text, what is the basic premise that underlines interactionist theories relative to the development of the self?

Accepted Answer

Interactionist theories emphasize how social interactions and the labels others assign can influence an individual's self-perception and identity.

Question 14

According to the text, what is the term used to describe the process by which individuals acquire knowledge about the roles accompanying a specific social position before taking on that social position?

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization is the term used to describe the process by which individuals acquire knowledge about the roles accompanying a specific social position before taking on that social position.

Question 15

Families are supposed to fulfill specific purposes and be responsible for particular guidance to young children in order to guide them into becoming productive adults and citizens. According to the text, from what theoretical perspective does this notion of the family emerge?

Accepted Answer

The notion of the family fulfilling specific purposes and responsibilities in guiding young children into becoming productive adults and citizens is a cornerstone belief of the functionalist perspective. This perspective emphasizes the importance of the family as a social institution that plays a key role in maintaining social stability and promoting the well-being of society as a whole.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the concept of status set?

Accepted Answer

Status set refers to the collection of all the statuses that an individual holds at any given time. It includes both ascribed and achieved statuses and can change over time as the individual acquires new statuses, loses old ones, or has their existing statuses shift in importance.

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following best defines an individual's auxiliary traits?

Accepted Answer

Auxiliary traits are characteristics presumed to accompany a specific master status. Master status is the defining social position a person holds in society, such as their job or marital status. Auxiliary traits are the assumed personality traits that are often assigned to individuals based on their master status.

Question 18

Bill was reading the profiles of potential partners on an online dating site. He had children from his first relationship and wanted to meet someone who was also a parent. However, he was concerned about how other people approached parenthood. He considered himself a loving father while also being a fair but strict disciplinarian and wanted to meet someone whose parenting style complemented his own. According to the text, what is the term used to describe a particular personal quality in which Bill was concerned?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bill was reading the profiles of potential...

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the core components of Cooley's "looking-glass" concept"?

Accepted Answer

The three core components of Cooley's "looking-glass" concept are A) imagining how we are judged by others, B) imagining how others judge our appearance, and C) incorporating those judgments into our own sense of self. The fourth option, D, is not one of the core components.

Question 20

A gang in a poor neighbourhood had an initiation ritual that involved committing a "break and enter" in a wealthier neighbourhood. One of the new initiates was convicted of similar crimes as a young offender. After apprehension by police, he was charged and convicted. What is the term used to describe reconviction of further criminal behaviour after initial convictions?

Accepted Answer

Recidivism refers to the reconviction of criminal behavior after initial convictions.

Quiz 4: Socialization: the Self and Social Identity