Question 1

The sugars in a peach tree move

Accepted Answer

The movement of sugars in a peach tree is from source to sink. The sink is any part of the plant that needs the sugars for energy or growth, such as the fruit, roots, or developing leaves. Therefore, the movement is not only toward the fruit (A), nor only toward the sugar source (B), as there may be multiple sources and sinks in the plant. The movement is not bidirectional (D), as it is more efficient for the plant to transport sugars from source to sink in a unidirectional way.

Question 2

Cytosol leaks into plant cell vacuoles when

Accepted Answer

When water freezes inside a plant cell, ice crystals form and can rupture the cell membrane, causing cytosol to leak into the vacuoles. This can cause damage to the cells and affect the overall health of the plant.

Question 3

Plants that flower only if day length is less than a critical value are called

Accepted Answer

Plants that flower only if day length is less than a critical value are called short-day plants. Long-day plants, on the other hand, flower only if day length is greater than a critical value. Biennial plants complete their life cycle in two years, while perennial plants live for more than two years.

Question 4

Dormancy is

Accepted Answer

Dormancy is a period of rest or inactivity in a plant's growth cycle, typically occurring on an annual basis. This period is characterized by reduced metabolic activity and slowed growth, and it allows the plant to conserve energy and resources for the upcoming growing season.

Question 5

Plants that live for one year are called

Accepted Answer

Plants that live for one year are called annuals. They complete their life cycle in one growing season, from germination to flowering to seed production, then die off.

Question 6

The overwatering of houseplants and garden plants results in

Accepted Answer

Overwatering can lead to waterlogged soil, reducing oxygen availability to roots and decreasing transpiration rates as the plant struggles to uptake water efficiently.

Question 7

Translocation always occurs in a pine tree from the

Accepted Answer

Translocation is the movement of sugars and other organic materials through the phloem from the source (sites of production) to the sink (sites of utilization or storage). In a pine tree, photosynthesis mainly occurs in the needles, which act as sources, while actively growing buds, roots, and developing cones are sinks. Therefore, translocation always occurs from the sugar source (needles) to the sugar sink (buds, roots, and cones).

Question 8

The response of a plant to the proportion of light and dark in a day is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The response of a plant to the...

Question 9

If the sugary phloem sap in a fruit tree is divided into many sugar sinks, then each individual fruit will be relatively

Accepted Answer

When the sugary phloem sap is divided among many sugar sinks, each fruit receives less sugar, resulting in smaller and less sugary (more diluted) fruits.

Question 10

What is the first step in the pressure flow mechanism of translocation?

Accepted Answer

The first step in the pressure flow mechanism of translocation is the loading of sugar into the phloem at the source. This creates a high concentration of sugars in the phloem, which generates a pressure gradient that drives the flow of sugars to the sink. Water is also loaded into the phloem at the source, but this occurs after the sugar loading and is not the first step in the mechanism.

Question 11

Plants that live for many years and produce flowers every year are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plants that live for many years and...

Question 12

The process of deadheading

Accepted Answer

Deadheading is the process of removing spent flowers from a plant. This stimulates the plant to produce more flowers as it directs its energy towards producing new buds instead of seeds. As a result, deadheading allows the plant to produce and support more flowers than normal.

Question 13

In plants, the sugars produced from photosynthesis are moved around via

Accepted Answer

The sugars produced from photosynthesis are transported through the plant via phloem sap. Phloem is a specialized tissue responsible for the transport of sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds throughout the plant. Xylem sap, on the other hand, primarily transports water and mineral nutrients. Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, but they do not play a direct role in sugar transport. Embolisms are blockages in xylem tissue and are not involved in sugar transport.

Question 14

Photoperiodic plants react to a certain amount of darkness, referred to as ________ (three words).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Photoperiodic plants react to a certain amount...

Question 15

Many garden plants that are grown for leaves or roots, such as parsley and carrots, produce vegetative growth the first year and reproductive structure growth the second year. Thus, parsley and carrots are

Accepted Answer

Biennials are plants that have a two-year life cycle, producing vegetative growth the first year and reproductive structure growth the second year. Parsley and carrots are examples of biennial plants because they produce underground roots or above-ground foliage in their first year and flowers and seeds in their second year before dying. Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, while perennials can live for many years, and woody plants have persistent stems that live for several years.

Question 16

What effect does pruning flowers have on a plant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What effect does pruning flowers have on...

Question 17

Which of the following is a perennial?

Accepted Answer

A perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years and peony is a perennial flower. Morning glory, petunia, and pansy are annuals or short-lived perennials.

Question 18

Which of the following has the greatest hardiness (can tolerate the lowest temperature)?

Accepted Answer

Cabbage plants are a cool-season crop that can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C) and are frost-tolerant. In comparison, tomato plants are only frost-tolerant down to around 32°F (0°C). Apple trees are hardy, but still have a lower hardiness than cabbage. Houseplants that evolved in the tropics have little to no cold tolerance and cannot survive in low temperatures.

Question 19

What will happen after a gardener cuts off all the developing flowers on a tomato plant, with the exception of 12 of the flowers that have already been pollinated and set fruit?

Accepted Answer

By removing developing flowers, the tomato plant can focus its energy on the remaining flowers that have already been pollinated and have started to develop into fruit. This can result in larger and sweeter tomatoes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a photosensitive chemical that allows plants to "measure" day length?

Accepted Answer

Phytochrome is a photosensitive pigment that plants use to detect changes in day length.

Quiz 24: Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology