Question 1

Neurogenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis specifically refers to the formation of new neurons.

Question 2

After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Terry's sensory cortex's ability to reorganize and adapt to new input from adjacent fingers illustrates neural plasticity. This is the brain's ability to change and reorganize in response to new experiences, injury, or developmental changes.

Question 3

One stroke patient was put to work cleaning tables, with his good arm and hand restrained. Slowly, the bad arm recovered its skills. He gradually learned to write again and even to play tennis. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The gradual recovery of skills in the bad arm shows plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience and learning.

Question 4

If primed with the flashed word foot, the ________ hemisphere will be especially quick to recognize the word heel. If primed with foot, cry, and glass, the ________ hemisphere will be especially quick to recognize the word cut.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the left hemisphere is specialized for language processing and word recognition, so when primed with foot, the left hemisphere will be quick to recognize related words such as heel. However, when primed with multiple unrelated words like foot, cry, and glass, both hemispheres will be activated but the right hemisphere may be quicker to recognize a word like cut that does not have a direct semantic relationship to the primed words. Therefore, the left hemisphere is associated with foot-related words and the right hemisphere is associated with more abstract or unrelated word recognition.

Question 5

Plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to build new neural connections or pathways, allowing it to adapt and change in response to experiences and learning. Plasticity plays a key role in the brain's ability to recover from injury, learn new skills, and adapt to changing environments. Options A, B, and D do not directly relate to plasticity.

Question 6

The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in

Accepted Answer

The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in speech production. This is because the left hemisphere contains Broca's area, which is responsible for speech production and language processing.

Question 7

A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere is typically responsible for body awareness and neglect or lack of awareness of parts of one's body is most commonly associated with damage to the right parietal lobe which is located in the right hemisphere.

Question 8

The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere demonstrates lateralization, which refers to the specialization of certain functions in one hemisphere of the brain. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement, not facial recognition. Neurogenesis refers to the production of new neurons in the brain, which is not directly related to facial recognition or lateralization. Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to its environment, but this is also not directly related to the ability to recognize faces with one hemisphere of the brain but not the other.

Question 9

People who can hear usually process their speaking with the ________ hemisphere. Deaf people usually process their language signing with the ________ hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who can hear usually process their...

Question 10

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres is called the

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a large bundle of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres, allowing them to communicate and coordinate with each other. The motor cortex is a region of the brain involved in controlling voluntary movements, the temporal lobe is an area involved in processing auditory information and memory, and the association area refers to any area of the brain involved in integrating information from different sensory modalities.

Question 11

Teaching a patient to regain use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is called

Accepted Answer

This technique is called constraint-induced therapy, where the patient is encouraged to use the impaired limb by limiting the use of the good limb, forcing the brain to rewire and regain control over the impaired limb. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) is a method for measuring brain activity. Cognitive neural prosthetics are devices that aid in cognitive function, such as memory or decision-making, through brain-computer interface technology. Lateralization refers to the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in a particular function or process.

Question 12

Visual information processing in the temporal lobe of deaf people whose native language is sign best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The concept of plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself in response to changes in the environment or new experiences. In the case of deaf individuals who use sign language, their brains may reorganize to process visual information in the temporal lobe, which is typically involved in auditory processing in hearing individuals. This illustrates the phenomenon of cortical plasticity.

Question 13

The brain is most likely to compensate for a loss of neurons by

Accepted Answer

The brain can compensate for a loss of neurons by generating new brain cells through a process called neurogenesis. This process occurs primarily in two regions of the brain, the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, and can help to replace neurons that have been lost due to injury or disease. While neurogenesis is not a complete solution to neuron loss, it does provide some level of compensation and holds promise for potential therapies in the future.

Question 14

Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the brain, and physical exercise has been found to increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Exposure to stimulating environments, such as enriched environments with toys and other activities, has also been found to increase neurogenesis. Both physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are known to have positive effects on brain functioning and cognitive abilities. A split brain refers to the separation of the right and left hemispheres of the brain, which is typically caused by surgery to treat severe epilepsy. Hemispherectomy refers to the removal of one hemisphere of the brain, which is a rare and typically last-resort treatment for severe epilepsy. Lateralization is the specialization of different brain regions for different functions, such as language processing primarily in the left hemisphere.

Question 15

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a large bundle of neural fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows for quick communication between them. This connection is essential for many functions, including sensory perception, motor coordination, and language processing. The other options (motor cortex, cerebellum, sensory cortex) are involved in specific functions but are not responsible for interhemispheric communication.

Question 16

If an individual's right cerebral hemisphere is completely destroyed by disease, that person is unable to see anything

Accepted Answer

Each eye sends visual information to both hemispheres of the brain. However, the left hemisphere primarily processes information from the right visual field and the right hemisphere primarily processes information from the left visual field. Therefore, if the right hemisphere is destroyed, the individual would be unable to see anything in their left field of vision which is processed by the damaged hemisphere.

Question 17

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her

Accepted Answer

The answer of A picture of a cat is briefly...

Question 18

Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.

Accepted Answer

Split-brain patients have had their corpus callosum surgically cut in order to decrease the spread of seizures between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 19

When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Stoyka's ability to function normally despite the loss of an entire hemisphere suggests that her brain has undergone plasticity, the ability of the brain to modify and reorganize itself after damage or changes in experience. This demonstrates the importance of plasticity in allowing the brain to adapt and compensate for injury or changes.

Question 20

What will most likely happen as a neurosurgeon sedates the entire right cerebral hemisphere of a right-handed patient who is asked to count aloud with both arms extended upward?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What will most likely happen as a...

Quiz 6: A: the Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain