Question 1

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists primarily focus on changing specific behaviors rather than insight and self-awareness. They use techniques such as conditioning and reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors and discourage unwanted behaviors.

Question 2

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

Accepted Answer

Active listening is an important feature of client-centered therapy, as the therapist aims to create a non-judgmental and empathetic environment where the client feels heard and understood. This involves paying close attention to the client's words and emotions, reflecting back what they have said, and asking clarifying questions to demonstrate understanding. Systematic desensitization is a technique used in behavioral therapy to treat phobias and anxiety disorders, transference is a psychoanalytic concept that involves a client projecting their feelings and experiences onto the therapist, and free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis where the client speaks freely about their thoughts and associations without censorship.

Question 3

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies believe that our early experiences and relationships shape who we are as people, including how we relate to others. Therefore, by focusing on the patient's interpersonal relationships, the therapist can gain insight into recurring patterns and conflicts that may be contributing to their current symptoms.

Question 4

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, places a strong emphasis on the individual's self-discovery and personal growth. The therapist acts as a supporter rather than an authority figure, allowing the patient to explore their own feelings and experiences while providing a safe and trusting environment. This approach places greater responsibility on the patient to discover their own solutions rather than relying on the therapist's guidance.

Question 5

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a form of therapy that focuses on improving the patient's interpersonal relationships and communication skills. It would be the best choice for helping depressed patients learn how to resolve disagreements with their friends, as it specifically addresses relationships and communication. Systematic desensitization is used to treat anxiety disorders by gradually exposing the patient to feared stimuli. Humanistic therapy focuses on the patient's self-awareness and growth. Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns. While these therapies may also be helpful for some depressed patients, they do not specifically address interpersonal relationships and communication.

Question 6

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the therapist's role was to create a nonjudgmental, empathetic, and accepting atmosphere in which the client could explore and gain insight into their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. The therapist was encouraged to express their own true feelings in a genuine way to help facilitate the therapeutic relationship and encourage the client's own self-exploration. Rogers did not focus on diagnosis or explaining the immediate causes of a client's difficulties, and he did not use anxiety hierarchies.

Question 7

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as unconditional positive regard.

Question 8

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

Accepted Answer

The therapist's response of "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" demonstrates active listening, in which the therapist shows they are paying attention and trying to understand the client's feelings and needs. This is a way of creating a supportive therapeutic environment and building rapport with the client. Transference refers to the client projecting their feelings onto the therapist, while free association involves the client freely expressing their thoughts and feelings. Systematic desensitization is a specific technique used in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.

Question 9

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a

Accepted Answer

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the therapist's ability to understand the patient's perspective. Psychoanalysts also strive for empathic understanding, but their approach is more focused on uncovering unconscious conflicts and unresolved issues from the patient's past. Biomedical therapy and behavior therapy are less concerned with empathic understanding and more focused on directly treating symptoms through medication or behavior modification techniques.

Question 10

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists emphasize self-exploration, self-awareness, and personal growth. They encourage clients to take responsibility for their own feelings and actions, rather than blaming external circumstances or other people. This approach helps individuals develop a stronger sense of self and greater agency in their lives.

Question 11

Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists focus on the present more than the past. They believe that present experiences and emotions are more important to explore than past experiences. Additionally, humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-awareness, which is focused on the present and future.

Question 12

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

Accepted Answer

Principles of learning, such as reinforcement and punishment, have been instrumental in the development of behavior therapy, which focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement and punishment techniques. Anxiety disorders, phobias, and other conditions have been successfully treated with behavior therapy.

Question 13

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

Accepted Answer

Insight therapies, also known as psychodynamic therapies, focus on increasing a person's self-awareness and understanding of their underlying motives and defenses. This is done through exploring past experiences and relationships, identifying patterns of behavior, and bringing unconscious thoughts and feelings to the surface. The goal is to improve psychological functioning by resolving inner conflicts and gaining insight into one's behavior and emotions. The other options mentioned (discouraging drug use, progressive relaxation, and personality testing) are not necessarily primary goals of insight therapies.

Question 14

Restating and clarifying what another person says is central to

Accepted Answer

Restating and clarifying what another person says is a technique used in active listening, which involves paying close attention to the speaker's words and reflecting back what they said to demonstrate that you understand their point of view. This is an important skill for effective communication and building rapport with others. Systematic desensitization, free association, and spontaneous recovery are all different techniques used in therapy, but they are not directly related to restating and clarifying what someone says.

Question 15

Therapist Jonathan Shedler helped a patient to become aware of his adversarial stance in his relationships and to recognize that this adversarial stance had roots in the attacks he once experienced from his alcohol-dependent father. The therapist's efforts best illustrate

Accepted Answer

The therapist's focus on the patient's past experiences and how they are affecting his current behavior suggests that he is utilizing psychodynamic therapy, which aims to bring unconscious conflicts and memories to conscious awareness and explore how they affect present behavior. The other options (A, C, D) are not supported by the given information.

Question 16

Instead of focusing on unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapies focus on the client's conscious thoughts and self-perceptions, and strive to help them achieve personal growth and self-actualization. Unlike psychodynamic therapies, they do not place a strong emphasis on the unconscious or past experiences. Behavior therapies focus on observable behaviors, while biomedical therapies involve the use of medication or other medical treatments.

Question 17

During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

The therapist is suggesting a technique that is associated with client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. This technique, known as reflection or active listening, involves restating the client's comments or feelings to demonstrate understanding and empathy. It promotes communication and understanding between partners and can help improve the relationship.

Question 18

Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy focuses on exploring a person's past experiences and unconscious thoughts and feelings to gain insight into their current behaviors and relationship patterns. Therefore, helping Nate gain insight into his recurring relationship patterns with his mother, former wife, and previous employer would be of greatest concern to a psychodynamic therapist.

Question 19

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of

Accepted Answer

The treatment described in the question is an example of behavior therapy, which focuses on modifying observable behavior through techniques such as conditioning and reinforcement. The use of the bed-wetting alarm is an example of a conditioning technique, as the child learns to associate the feeling of a full bladder with waking up and using the bathroom. This treatment does not involve the use of medication or insights into the child's thought processes, so it is not biomedical or cognitive therapy. Humanistic therapy also does not apply, as it emphasizes personal growth and self-awareness rather than specific behavioral changes.

Question 20

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be conditioned responses, as they have become associated with a specific stimulus or situation through repeated pairings. The goal of the therapy is to break this association by creating a new, positive association with a different stimulus or situation.

Quiz 52: The Psychological Therapies