Question 1

Unjustifiable and negative behavior toward a group and its members is called

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to unjust and negative treatment towards a group and its members based on their characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. Deindividuation is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals lose their sense of identity and responsibility while in a group. Groupthink occurs when a group of individuals prioritize conformity over critical thinking and decision making. Group polarization occurs when a group's initial attitudes or beliefs become more extreme over time.

Question 2

Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying social inequalities. People often engage in prejudice as a means of justifying their own privileged status and maintaining the status quo. This can include discriminatory attitudes and behaviors towards marginalized groups such as racial minorities, LGBTQ individuals, and those with lower socio-economic status.

Question 3

Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to an attitude or a belief about a group of people. Discrimination, on the other hand, is a behavior that involves treating people unfairly based on their group membership. Therefore, prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is a behavior.

Question 4

Research studies have shown that frequent exposure to sexually explicit films

Accepted Answer

Research studies have shown that frequent exposure to sexually explicit films can lead to a range of negative effects, including making a woman's friendliness seem more sexual, diminishing the attitude that rape is a serious crime, and may lead individuals to devalue their partners. Therefore, the best choice is D - may produce all of these effects.

Question 5

Which of the following describes a stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a fixed, oversimplified idea about a person or group of people. In this case, Robin has a fixed idea about university professors being impractical and forgetful.

Question 6

People with power and status may become prejudiced because

Accepted Answer

People with power and status often justify their own social advantages by believing that they are deserved or earned, which can lead to prejudice against those with less status and power who appear to have achieved less. This can also perpetuate social inequalities and contribute to discrimination.

Question 7

Prejudice is best defined as

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is defined as an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe prejudice.

Question 8

On the basis of what Americans say, in the last half-century

Accepted Answer

Studies and surveys conducted over the last half-century show that Americans have become less prejudiced against both women and racial minorities. While there is still work to be done in both areas, progress has been made in reducing both gender and racial prejudice.

Question 9

At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of different races from his own. Aaron's experience best illustrates the distinction between

Accepted Answer

This situation best illustrates the distinction between explicit and implicit attitudes. Aaron consciously believes he is not prejudiced (explicit attitude), but his automatic discomfort around people of different races shows his implicit attitude.

Question 10

People who blame victims of cancer for their medical misfortune best illustrate

Accepted Answer

The just-world phenomenon refers to the tendency of individuals to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Blaming someone who has cancer for their medical condition can be an example of this phenomenon as the person may believe that the individual engaged in risky behavior or didn't take care of themselves, leading to their getting cancer.

Question 11

In one experiment, White respondents typically took longer to identify words such as peace and paradise as "good" when the words were associated with Black-sounding names rather than White-sounding names. This best illustrated

Accepted Answer

This experiment illustrates implicit prejudice, as it shows an unconscious bias where White respondents took longer to associate positive words with Black-sounding names, indicating an underlying automatic negative association.

Question 12

Neuroscientists have detected implicit prejudice in an emotion-processing center known as the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is an emotion-processing center in the brain that has been found to be involved in implicit bias and prejudice. Studies have shown that the amygdala responds differently to images of people from different groups, indicating a bias in processing emotional information based on race or other characteristics.

Question 13

Most researchers agree that

Accepted Answer

Most researchers agree that media violence is a factor in aggression. Research has consistently shown that exposure to media violence can lead to aggression in viewers, particularly in children and adolescents. While there may be some mixed results in the literature, the vast majority of research supports this relationship between media violence and aggression.

Question 14

Several south Asian countries have experienced a shortfall in ________ births. In addition, a ________ of the children in Chinese orphanages are girls.

Accepted Answer

The first blank requires a word to complete the sentence. The word that fits logically is "female." It implies that these countries are experiencing a decline in the number of female births. The second blank requires a word that completes the sentence logically. If a significant number of children in Chinese orphanages are girls, it means that boys are the majority. Therefore, "majority" is the correct word that fills the second blank. Hence, the correct answer is C - female; majority.

Question 15

Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. This is best illustrated in studies of

Accepted Answer

Implicit associations refer to the automatic and unconscious biases and prejudices that individuals may hold towards certain groups, despite consciously believing in equality and rejecting discrimination. Studies of implicit associations often use measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to uncover these biases. Deindividuation refers to the loss of individual identity in group settings, group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussion to strengthen initial individual opinions, and mirror-image perceptions refer to the reciprocal stereotypes that groups may hold towards each other.

Question 16

When shown computer-generated faces of men that are slightly feminized or slightly masculinized, people prefer the slightly ________ faces. Women are most likely to perceive a man with a slightly ________ face as having placed a personal ad seeking a "special lady to love and cherish."

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people, including women, tend to prefer faces that are slightly feminized. This preference is believed to be because slightly feminized faces are perceived as more cooperative and less threatening, which can be appealing traits in a partner. Similarly, women are more likely to perceive men with slightly feminized faces as seeking a serious relationship, such as wanting to love and cherish someone, because these faces may be associated with traits like warmth, honesty, and commitment.

Question 17

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions. Superordinate goals refer to shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. Situational attributions refer to explanations for behavior that relate to the circumstances rather than to personal characteristics. Social norms refer to the accepted standards and expectations of behavior within a group.

Question 18

Priming people with a flashed Black face rather than a flashed White face makes them more likely to misperceive a flashed tool as a gun. This best illustrates the subtle character of

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is related to implicit racial associations, as the priming of a Black face leads to a biased perception of an object as a weapon. This illustrates the subtle influence of implicit biases on perception and behavior.

Question 19

Worldwide, women are ________ likely than men to live in poverty, and they are ________ likely than men to be illiterate.

Accepted Answer

Worldwide, women are more likely to live in poverty and more likely to be illiterate than men due to various socio-economic factors, including gender inequality and limited access to education and employment opportunities.

Question 20

Studies of implicit prejudice indicate that prejudice is often

Accepted Answer

Studies of implicit prejudice have shown that it is often unconscious, meaning that people may harbor prejudiced attitudes or beliefs without being aware of them or intending to act on them. Deindividuation (A) refers to losing one's sense of individual identity in a group setting, which can lead to impulsive or irrational behavior but is not necessarily related to prejudice. Frustration (B) may contribute to aggression, but again, not necessarily to prejudice. Unlearned (D) is not necessarily the case as prejudice can be learned through various sources such as family, media, and social interactions.

Quiz 45: Antisocial Relations