Question 1

Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions. Andrea apparently views her work as a

Accepted Answer

Andrea's desire to climb the corporate ladder indicates that she views her work as a career.

Question 2

After studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyi formulated the concept of

Accepted Answer

Csikszentmihalyi's concept is called "flow," which refers to a state of complete absorption and enjoyment in an activity, where the person is fully focused and all other distractions or worries fade away. This state is often described by artists and athletes, but it can occur in any challenging and rewarding task.

Question 3

Mr. Walters has many years of experience as a personnel officer for a large corporation. He does not review most job applicants' reference files because he is confident of his ability to predict their future work performance based on his direct face-to-face conversations with them. Mr. Walters' confidence best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Mr. Walters' confidence in his ability to predict future work performance based on face-to-face conversations is an example of the interviewer illusion, which refers to the tendency of interviewers to overestimate the accuracy of their judgments and predictions about job candidates.

Question 4

Work activities that are specifically suited to your strengths are most likely to be those associated with the experience of

Accepted Answer

The experience of flow is characterized by a sense of enjoyment, focus, and achievement while engaging in a task. This state is often associated with using one's strengths and abilities, so work activities that create a flow state are likely to tap into one's strengths.

Question 5

Those who view their work as a career are especially likely to be concerned about opportunities for

Accepted Answer

Those who view their work as a career are likely to be concerned about opportunities for increasingly better employment positions. When thinking about a long-term commitment to a certain field or profession, individuals seek growth and advancement within that field, leading to better job titles, salaries, and job security.

Question 6

Human factors psychologists are most likely to be involved in

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychologists specialize in studying how people interact with machines and technology, and how to design them to fit human abilities and needs. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice. While options A, C, and D are all related to human factors in the workplace, they are areas that would typically fall under the scope of other fields such as vocational counselors, organizational psychologists, or human resources professionals.

Question 7

When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of the interviewer illusion, where interviewers tend to overestimate the influence of personality traits and underestimate the impact of situational factors on the behavior of job applicants during the selection process. This bias can lead to inaccurate assessments of candidates and compromise the validity and fairness of the hiring process.

Question 8

To predict effectively the job success of various applicants for a specific work position, psychologists would recommend the development of

Accepted Answer

Structured interviews are recommended by psychologists for effective job success prediction as they involve standardized questions and scoring rubrics that increase the reliability and validity of the interview process. This helps minimize the influence of individual interviewer biases and provides a fair assessment of all applicants based on the same criteria.

Question 9

Full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectiveness as a customer service manager is enhanced by the performance appraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers, subordinates, customers, and her supervisor. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The best choice here is 360-degree feedback, as it involves receiving performance appraisals from a variety of sources, including colleagues, subordinates, and customers - which is exactly what is being described in the scenario. This type of feedback can provide a more complete and accurate picture of an individual's strengths and areas for improvement. The other options, such as experiencing flow, structured interviews, and task leadership, are not directly relevant to the scenario described.

Question 10

Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist. She often becomes so focused and energized by her challenging practice sessions that they last hours longer than she had planned. Her experience best illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist....

Question 11

Unstructured interviews provide a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than aptitude tests and a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than job knowledge tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unstructured interviews provide a ________ predictor of...

Question 12

Scales and checklists on which supervisors indicate the extent to which a worker is productive, follows correct procedures, and attends to customers' needs are designed primarily for the purpose of improving

Accepted Answer

Scales and checklists used by supervisors to evaluate a worker's productivity, adherence to procedures, and customer service are tools for performance appraisal. They help provide feedback on areas where the worker may need improvement and can lead to increased productivity, better customer service, and overall success for the organization.

Question 13

If interviewers instantly like a job applicant because of his or her good looks, they may judge the person's complimentary remarks as indicating "polite manners" rather than "manipulative flattery." This best illustrates the impact of ________ on the interpretation of interviewees' responses.

Accepted Answer

Interviewers' preconceptions can influence their interpretation of interviewees' responses, including interpreting complimentary remarks as polite manners rather than manipulative flattery. This can be due to the interviewer's initial positive impression based on the applicant's good looks. The other answer choices are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 14

Work is most likely to satisfy the higher-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy for those who

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization needs, which are the highest level needs, can be satisfied through personal growth, self-fulfillment, and achieving one's full potential. People who view their work as a calling are more likely to engage in work that aligns with their values and purpose, which can provide a sense of personal fulfillment and help satisfy their self-actualization needs.

Question 15

Dr. Thompson is involved in scripting interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific work positions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Thompson's work in developing interview questions to predict job applicants' success is a function of personnel psychology, which focuses on employee recruitment, selection, and evaluation.

Question 16

After discovering that their company's best software developers are highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused their employment ads for additional software developers less on applicants' experience and more on their ability to engage in logical problem solving. This best illustrates their commitment to

Accepted Answer

The focus on applicants' ability to engage in logical problem solving suggests that the personnel psychologists are taking a strengths-based selection system approach, emphasizing the identification and utilization of candidates' inherent strengths and abilities rather than simply relying on past experience or job requirements.

Question 17

Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a ________ awareness of the passing of time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness...

Question 18

Developing assessment tools for selecting and placing employees is of most direct relevance to

Accepted Answer

Personnel psychology specifically focuses on the selection, placement, and training of employees, making it the most relevant field for developing assessment tools for these purposes. Clinical psychology pertains to diagnosing and treating mental illness, while organizational psychology focuses on improving workplace productivity and culture. Human factors psychology studies the interaction between humans and technology.

Question 19

Hiring job applicants who have the qualities best suited for success in the job for which they are applying illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hiring job applicants who have the qualities...

Question 20

Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Industrial-organizational psychology is the branch of psychology that is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace. It focuses on improving productivity and the quality of work life by applying psychological principles and methods to workplace issues such as personnel selection and training, leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational development.

Quiz 34: Motivation at Work