Question 1

The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field is called

Accepted Answer

Perceptual adaptation refers to the ability of the brain to adjust to changes in the environment, such as an artificially displaced or inverted visual field. Perceptual set refers to the tendency to perceive a stimulus in a certain way based on preconceived notions or expectations. Accommodation refers to the process by which the eye adjusts its focus to see objects at different distances. Shape constancy refers to the ability to perceive the shape of an object as constant even when the angle from which it is viewed changes.

Question 2

Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant is known for his theory that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience, which he referred to as "categories of the understanding."

Question 3

Research with distorting goggles best supports the view of human perception advanced by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research with distorting goggles best supports the...

Question 4

Telepathy refers to the

Accepted Answer

Telepathy specifically refers to the transmission of thoughts or mental information from one person to another without the use of physical senses. B refers to remote viewing or clairvoyance, C refers to precognition, and D refers to empathy.

Question 5

The extrasensory ability to perceive an automobile accident taking place in a distant location is to ________ as the extrasensory ability to know at any moment exactly what your best friend is thinking is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The extrasensory ability to perceive an automobile accident taking place in a distant location is known as clairvoyance, while the extrasensory ability to know at any moment exactly what your best friend is thinking is known as telepathy. Therefore, the correct choices are D) clairvoyance; telepathy.

Question 6

Andre claims that he can make a broken watch begin to run again simply by entering a state of intense mental concentration. Andre is claiming to possess the power of

Accepted Answer

Andre is claiming to have the power of psychokinesis, the ability to move or manipulate objects using only the power of the mind.

Question 7

The tendency to hear the steady drip of a leaky sink faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of two or more beats best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Perceptual organization refers to the process by which we group and organize stimuli into meaningful objects and patterns. In this case, our brain may organize the sound of a leaky faucet into a repeating rhythm, which is an example of perceptual organization.

Question 8

Parapsychology refers to the

Accepted Answer

Parapsychology is the study of phenomena that cannot be explained by current scientific understanding, such as ESP (extrasensory perception) and psychokinesis (the ability to move objects with one's mind).

Question 9

The ability of newly hatched chicks to perceive depth best serves to support the views of

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant proposed that certain aspects of knowledge are innate, including our understanding of space and time. The ability of newly hatched chicks to perceive depth suggests that they have an innate sense of spatial understanding, supporting Kant's ideas. The other three philosophers did not address the innate understanding of space and time in the same way.

Question 10

Sensory restriction is much more likely to hinder visual development in early infancy than during other times of life. This suggests that there is a(n) ________ for normal visual development.

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific window of time during development when an organism is particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, and if those stimuli are not present or experienced during that time, it can lead to lasting developmental consequences. In the case of visual development, the critical period occurs early in infancy, and if there is sensory restriction during that time, it can hinder the normal development of vision. This suggests that there is a critical period for normal visual development.

Question 11

Lenore had been blind from birth. Immediately after corrective eye surgery, she could visually perceive figure-ground relationships. This fact would serve to support the position advanced by

Accepted Answer

Kant believed that certain perceptual abilities, such as understanding figure-ground relationships, are innate and do not depend on experience, which aligns with Lenore's ability to perceive these relationships immediately after gaining sight.

Question 12

Jamal claims that his special psychic powers enable him to perceive exactly where the body of a recent murder victim is secretly buried. Jamal is claiming to possess the power of

Accepted Answer

Clairvoyance refers to the supposed ability to perceive events, objects, or people that are not visible or discernible by the normal senses. In this case, Jamal is claiming to be able to perceive where a buried body is located without any physical evidence or input.

Question 13

A clouding of the lens of the eye is called a

Accepted Answer

A clouding of the lens of the eye is called a cataract. A blind spot refers to the small area in the retina where there are no photoreceptor cells. A visual cliff is an apparatus used to test depth perception in infants. A masking stimulus is a stimulus that affects the processing and perception of a subsequent stimulus.

Question 14

The philosopher John Locke believed that people

Accepted Answer

John Locke's philosophy of empiricism emphasized the role of experience in shaping perception and knowledge. He believed that people learn to perceive the world through their experiences, rather than being born with innate perceptual abilities.

Question 15

John Locke is to Immanuel Kant as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

This analogy pairs two philosophers who had different views on the nature vs. nurture debate. John Locke believed that humans are born as "blank slates" and that their experiences and environment shape who they become. Similarly, Immanuel Kant believed that while humans have innate knowledge structures, they can only acquire knowledge through experience in the world. Both of these philosophers are characterized by their focus on how humans acquire knowledge, the source of which is either primarily nurture (Locke) or nature (Kant). Therefore, the correct answer is C: nurture; nature.

Question 16

Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

Perceptual adaptation is the ability of the brain to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field, as in the case of the glasses worn by Lars. This allows individuals to adapt to changes in their visual environment and maintain effective functioning despite the disruption. Perceptual set refers to the influence of prior expectations and experiences on perception, while shape constancy refers to the ability to perceive a stable shape despite variations in the actual visual image. Retinal disparity refers to the difference in the visual image received by each eye, which is used by the brain to create depth perception.

Question 17

Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to

Accepted Answer

The critical period for the visual cortex to develop neural connections is between birth and early childhood. If cataracts are present during this time and not removed, it can lead to inadequate neural connections in the visual cortex, causing a permanent visual impairment. This means that even after the cataracts are removed, the person may have difficulty perceiving visual information. The other options (A, B, and D) are not directly related to the consequences of delayed cataract surgery.

Question 18

Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future events. Margo is claiming to possess the power of

Accepted Answer

Margo is claiming to have the ability to perceive future events, which is the definition of precognition. Telepathy is the ability to read others' thoughts, clairvoyance is the ability to see distant or hidden objects or events, and psychokinesis is the ability to move objects with one's mind, none of which are mentioned in the statement.

Question 19

Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perceptions of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the car accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Logwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach takes into account the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence behavior, which includes inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences and learned schemas. It also considers how the reactions of others can influence perception, which is relevant in this scenario where Mr. Logwood's perceptions were influenced by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the accident. Opponent-process theory and trichromatic theory are theories of color perception and are not relevant in this scenario. Signal detection is a method used to measure the ability to detect a stimulus against a background of noise and is not relevant in this scenario.

Question 20

If an adult who was blind from birth gains the ability to see, that person would have the greatest difficulty visually distinguishing

Accepted Answer

An adult who was blind from birth would have difficulty distinguishing shapes like circles from squares because they lack the visual experience needed to interpret and differentiate geometric forms.

Quiz 18: Vision and Perceptual Organization and Interpretation