Question 1

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task. This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Accepted Answer

The fact that alcohol consumption resulted in participants being less likely to notice when their minds were wandering suggests that it reduced their self-awareness.

Question 2

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under the influence of alcohol, angered people...

Question 3

Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are stimulants that increase activity in the central nervous system, while barbiturates are depressants that slow down activity in the nervous system. Therefore, the best choice is B, which pairs stimulants (amphetamines) with depressants (barbiturates).

Question 4

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the...

Question 5

Alcohol consumption is likely to ________ attention to an arousing provocation and ________ attention to normal inhibitions.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption increases attention to arousing provocation, such as sexual stimuli or aggressive behavior, while decreasing attention to normal inhibitions, such as social norms and personal moral standards. This can lead to impulsive and risky behavior.

Question 6

Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to

Accepted Answer

Young teens are at an age where they are trying to fit in with their peers and gain social acceptance. Smoking may be seen as a way to be part of a group or appear cool in front of friends.

Question 7

Women who have been drinking alcohol become ________ disposed to casual sex, and men who have been drinking become ________ disposed to casual sex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Women who have been drinking alcohol become...

Question 8

Repeated use of an opiate

Accepted Answer

Repeated use of an opiate can lead to a decrease in the brain's production of endorphins, which are natural pain-relieving chemicals. This can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. Increased heart and breathing rates are common acute effects of opiates, but not necessarily with repeated use. Auditory and visual hallucinations can occur with some drugs, but are not typical of opiates.

Question 9

Amphetamines ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines decrease appetite and increase self-confidence.

Question 10

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

Accepted Answer

Drinking heavily can impair short-term memory formation, making it harder for Arthur to remember the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking, especially the next day when alcohol has been metabolized by the body. Other information such as the names of his employer and home address are likely to be part of his long-term memory and therefore less affected by heavy drinking.

Question 11

University men were shown an erotic movie clip. Compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage, men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were

Accepted Answer

The question refers to a study that found that men who believed they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies than those who believed they had consumed a nonalcoholic beverage. However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of feelings of guilt. Therefore, the best answer is D: more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and less likely to report having feelings of guilt.

Question 12

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and...

Question 13

If heavy drinking follows a period of moderate drinking, people may poison themselves with an overdose because the moderate drinking

Accepted Answer

Moderate drinking can suppress the vomiting reflex, which is a protective mechanism that helps expel toxins from the body. When heavy drinking follows a period of moderate drinking, the body may not be able to expel the excess alcohol, leading to alcohol poisoning.

Question 14

Which synthetic opiate is sometimes prescribed as a substitute for heroin?

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opiate that is often used as a substitute for heroin, as it can help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings while also reducing the risk of overdose. Methamphetamine, melatonin, and THC are not used as substitutes for heroin.

Question 15

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants that are commonly prescribed as tranquilizers to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Amphetamines, hallucinogens, and opiates have very different effects on the brain and are not typically used as tranquilizers.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption suppresses REM sleep, which is crucial for consolidating memories from the day's experiences into long-term memory. This results in difficulties in recalling information or events that occurred during the time of alcohol use.

Question 17

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. This leads to increased alertness and a decrease in appetite. Alcohol and heroin are central nervous system depressants, and ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite.

Question 18

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are commonly used by athletes to enhance performance by increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. Morphine derivatives and barbiturates are depressants that may actually impair athletic ability. Marijuana may also impair coordination and reaction time, making it an unlikely choice for enhancing footwork on the playing field.

Question 19

For those with alcohol use disorder, when alcohol use is suspended, this leads to

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use disorder can lead to physical dependence on alcohol, and when use is suspended, it can cause withdrawal symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, and seizures. Tolerance refers to the need to drink more alcohol to feel the same effects, disinhibition refers to a loss of inhibitions while under the influence of alcohol, and REM sleep is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement.

Question 20

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin are both examples of opiates, which are drugs that are derived from the opium poppy. They are commonly used as painkillers, but can also be highly addictive and dangerous if abused.

Quiz 10: Drugs and Consciousness

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task. This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

Amphetamines are to as barbiturates are to .

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in who have of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

Alcohol consumption is likely to attention to an arousing provocation and attention to normal inhibitions.