Question 1

In the context of the types of children's play, the play in which infants engage in exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions in the second quarter of the first year of life is known as

Accepted Answer

The type of play described in the question is sensorimotor play, which typically occurs in the second quarter of the first year of life and involves exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions. Practice play, constructive play, and social play are other types of play that occur at later stages of development.

Question 2

Steur, Applefield, and Smith conducted an experiment where preschool children were randomly assigned to two groups. One group watched cartoons containing violence, and the other group watched cartoons with the violence removed. During a free-play session, the children who watched the cartoons containing violence showed more aggression than children who watched the nonviolent cartoons. What conclusion was drawn from this study?

Accepted Answer

The study found that children who watched the cartoons containing violence showed more aggression during free-play sessions. This suggests that exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children in this investigation.

Question 3

In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about practice play.

Accepted Answer

Practice play is not limited to infancy, but can continue throughout life. It involves trying out new skills and learning from mistakes, and can occur in various forms such as practicing a sport or musical instrument. While social interactions may be a part of practice play, it is not the primary focus. Transforming the physical environment into a symbol is more closely related to symbolic play.

Question 4

Which statement best summarizes Daniel Berlyne's views about children's play?

Accepted Answer

Daniel Berlyne believed that play serves as a means for children to explore and satisfy their curiosity about the world around them. This exploration is driven by their intrinsic motivation to learn and understand new things.

Question 5

In contrast to lower-socioeconomic status parents, higher-socioeconomic status parents

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that higher-socioeconomic status parents tend to use a more conversational and less directive approach in their parenting style. They are more likely to use reasoning and negotiation rather than physical punishment or authoritarian control.

Question 6

Bernice is raised by two lesbian mothers, whereas Jessica is raised by a heterosexual couple. According to research, it is most likely that

Accepted Answer

Research shows that children raised by same-sex parents are not significantly different from children raised by opposite-sex parents in terms of mental health, popularity, and sexual orientation. Therefore, it is most likely that Bernice and Jessica are the same with regard to popularity and mental health. There is no way to predict their sexual orientation with certainty. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that Bernice is more likely to get divorced than Jessica in the future.

Question 7

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky considered play to be valuable because

Accepted Answer

Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that play is an important tool for cognitive development in children. Through play, children can learn and practice new skills and concepts, such as problem-solving, social skills, and language use.

Question 8

Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes in contact with another are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Acculturation refers to the cultural changes that occur when two different cultures come in contact with each other, often resulting in the adoption of cultural elements from one culture by the other. Affiliation refers to joining or becoming associated with a group, accommodation refers to making adjustments in response to a situation, and adaptation refers to changes that organisms make in response to their environment.

Question 9

________ play, which can be engaged in throughout life, involves the repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

Accepted Answer

The description of the play in the question suggests the process of practicing a skill or behavior to gain mastery or coordination. Therefore, the best choice is B, which is Practice.

Question 10

The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that the sexual orientation of the parents has no correlation with the sexual orientation of their children. The vast majority of children raised by same-sex parents identify as heterosexual. Thus, option B is the correct answer.

Question 11

In general, in the United States, African American and Latino family orientations differ from White family orientations in that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that African American and Latino families tend to have stronger ties to their extended families, placing a greater emphasis on interdependence and support from multiple generations. In contrast, White families tend to prioritize individualism and self-reliance over extended family connections.

Question 12

In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about pretense play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of the types of...

Question 13

Which of the following is true of children in divorced families?

Accepted Answer

Most children in divorced families do experience more difficulties in adjusting compared to their peers from nondivorced families. This can include emotional, social, and academic challenges, although the degree of impact can vary widely among individuals.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely a function that a child's peer group performs which is difficult for a sibling to do?

Accepted Answer

Peer groups provide a unique environment for children to compare themselves with others of the same age, offering insights into their development and social standing that siblings, who may be of different ages and developmental stages, cannot always provide.

Question 15

In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is a form of play that occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?

Accepted Answer

Constructive play involves the creation of something, whether it be a structure (using blocks or LEGOs, for example) or a solution (putting together a puzzle or figuring out how to make a toy work). It is characterized by children engaging in self-regulated, creative and imaginative play. In contrast, games involve prescribed rules and often require competition, while collective play is when children play together towards a common goal, such as putting on a play. Social play, meanwhile, involves interaction and communication with others.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals?

Accepted Answer

The definition provided matches the concept of games, which involve rules and competition for pleasure. Option A refers to pretend play, option B is focused on taking on different roles and scenarios, and option C involves building and creating.

Question 17

Carl and Tulip are getting a divorce and want to know how they can best communicate the news to their young children. Ellen Galinsky and Judy David would suggest that

Accepted Answer

The best choice for Carl and Tulip is to tell their children that they are not the cause of the separation. This helps prevent the children from experiencing feelings of guilt and emphasizes that they are still loved and valued by both parents. Galinsky and David do not recommend only having one parent present, as it is important for both parents to show unified support and answer any questions the children may have. It is also important to prepare the children for the changes that may occur in their daily routines and to reassure them that both parents will continue to play an active role in their lives.

Question 18

In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is most likely a characteristic of constructive play?

Accepted Answer

Constructive play is characterized by activities where children manipulate their environment to create things. This type of play becomes more prominent in the preschool years as children's cognitive abilities develop, allowing them to engage in more symbolic play (imagining one thing to be another) and move away from sensorimotor play (focused on physical interactions with their environment).

Question 19

A meta-analysis of studies in 14 countries by Mares and Pan (2013) found that children's shows such as Sesame Street

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis by Mares and Pan (2013) found that children's shows such as Sesame Street produced positive outcomes in the area of social reasoning.

Question 20

Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson considered play to be valuable because

Accepted Answer

Both Freud and Erikson believed that play is essential for a child's psychological development because it allows them to work through conflicts and anxieties in a safe and non-threatening way. Play also provides children with a sense of mastery over their environment, which helps to foster confidence and self-esteem. While cognitive development and social interaction are also important aspects of play, they were not the primary reasons identified by these theorists.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood