Question 1

A 2-week-old female presents with fever,cough,respiratory distress,and empyema.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
A) Viral pneumonia
B) Pneumococcal pneumonia
C) Staphylococcal pneumonia
D) Mycoplasma pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcal and group A streptococcal pneumonia can be particularly fulminant (sudden,severe)and necrotizing (causing cell death)with a high incidence of accompanying empyema,pneumatocele,and sepsis.
Staphylococcal pneumonia is the more likely diagnosis than viral.
Staphylococcal pneumonia is more likely to cause empyema than pneumococcal.
Staphylococcal pneumonia is more likely to cause empyema than Mycoplasma.

Question 2

A 5-year-old male presents with high fever,inspiratory stridor,severe respiratory distress,drooling,and dysphagia.Which of the following behaviors by the student nurse would be a cause for concern?
A) The student nurse tries to keep the child calm.
B) The student nurse examines the throat for redness.
C) The student nurse auscultates the child's respiratory rate.
D) The student nurse counts the heart rate apically.

Accepted Answer

Examination of the throat should not be attempted as it may trigger laryngospasm and cause respiratory collapse.
Keeping the child calm is appropriate.
Auscultating the respiratory rate is appropriate.
Assessing the heart rate apically is appropriate.

Question 3

A 9-year-old male contracted influenza.Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Emphysema
D) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis obliterans most often occurs as a sequelae of a severe viral pulmonary infection (e.g.,influenza,adenovirus,pertussis [whooping cough],or measles).
Bronchiolitis obliterans,not just chronic bronchitis,most often occurs as a sequelae of a severe viral pulmonary infection (e.g.,influenza,adenovirus,pertussis [whooping cough],or measles).
Bronchiolitis obliterans,not emphysema,most often occurs as a sequelae of a severe viral pulmonary infection (e.g.,influenza,adenovirus,pertussis [whooping cough],or measles).
Bronchiolitis obliterans,not RDS,most often occurs as a sequelae of a severe viral pulmonary infection (e.g.,influenza,adenovirus,pertussis [whooping cough],or measles).

Question 4

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.When obtaining the patient's history,which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?
A) Low birth weight
B) Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
C) Premature birth
D) Smoking by the mother during pregnancy

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn is more often due to premature birth.
Newborn respiratory distress occurs almost exclusively in premature infants,not low birth weight.
Newborn respiratory distress occurs almost exclusively in premature infants,not from alcohol use by the mother.
Newborn respiratory distress occurs almost exclusively in premature infants,not from smoking by the mother during pregnancy.

Question 5

A 2-year-old female fell in a swimming pool and nearly drowned.She then developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased lung compliance
C) Increased surfactant production
D) Hypoxemia

Accepted Answer

The child with ARDS will experience severe hypoxemia.
The child with ARDS will have an elevated,not decreased,heart rate.
The child with ARDS has decreased,not increased,lung compliance.
Surfactant production is not affected in ARDS.

Question 6

An infant was born 10 weeks premature and put on mechanical ventilation.Two months later he presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?
A) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Mechanical ventilation can result in a proinflammatory state that may contribute to the development of chronic lung disease,such as BPD.
Mechanical ventilation can result in a proinflammatory state that may contribute to the development of chronic lung disease,such as BPD.Respiratory distress might have led to the intubation,but BPD is the diagnosis.
Mechanical ventilation can result in a proinflammatory state that may contribute to the development of chronic lung disease,such as BPD,not bronchiolitis.
Mechanical ventilation can result in a proinflammatory state that may contribute to the development of chronic lung disease,such as BPD,not pneumonia.

Question 7

A 2-year-old male presents with fever and cough.He is diagnosed with pneumonia.While planning treatment for this patient,the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most likely cause?
A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations

Accepted Answer

Viral pneumonia is more common than bacterial pneumonia,and children are 2 to 3 times more likely than adults to acquire these viruses.
Viral pneumonia is more common than bacterial pneumonia,and children are 2 to 3 times more likely than adults to acquire these viruses.
Viral pneumonia is more common in children than Mycoplasma species.
Viral pneumonia is more common in children than toxic inhalations.

Question 8

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup.When the parent asks what caused this,what is the nurse's best response? The most likely cause of this disease is:
A) Bacteria
B) Acute hyperventilation
C) Allergy
D) Viral infection

Accepted Answer

The cause of croup is a viral infection.
The cause of croup is viral,not bacterial.
Croup is due to a viral infection,not to acute hyperventilation.
Croup is due to a viral infection,not to allergy.

Question 9

A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation.When reviewing the lab results,which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated?
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Macrophages
D) Lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

In the late asthmatic response,there are areas of epithelial damage and shedding caused at least in part by toxicity of eosinophil products.
Eosinophils,not neutrophils,promote the inflammatory response.
Eosinophils,not macrophages,promote the inflammatory response.
Eosinophils,not lymphocytes,promote the inflammatory response.

Question 10

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse monitors the newborn for atelectasis because of:
A) A lack of surfactant
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Airway obstruction
D) Pulmonary fibrosis

Accepted Answer

Atelectasis in newborn respiratory distress is due to lack of surfactant.
Atelectasis in newborn respiratory distress is due to lack of surfactant,not pulmonary edema.
Atelectasis in newborn respiratory distress is due to lack of surfactant,not airway obstruction.
Atelectasis in newborn respiratory distress is due to lack of surfactant,not pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 11

An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough.She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia.What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
A) Pneumococcal pneumonia
B) Viral pneumonia
C) Mycoplasma pneumonia
D) Streptococcal pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Chlamydophila pneumonia is clinically indistinguishable from and is typically grouped with Mycoplasma as "atypical pneumonia."
Bacterial pneumonia would not be atypical.
Viral pneumonia is not an atypical pneumonia.
Bacterial pneumonia is not part of atypical pneumonia.

Question 12

While planning care,a nurse recalls respiratory distress and hypoxemia in laryngotracheobronchitis are caused by:
A) Infectious pulmonary edema
B) Mucosal edema
C) Decreased surfactant
D) Nasopharyngeal obstruction

Accepted Answer

Edema leads to obstruction of the airway and respiratory distress.
Pulmonary edema does not occur; it is due to edema of the mucosa.
Laryngotracheobronchitis is not a problem of surfactant.
The obstruction is in the airway,not the nasopharyngeal area.

Question 13

A geneticist is discussing cystic fibrosis (CF).Which information should be included? CF is an _____ disease.
A) Autosomal recessive
B) Autosomal dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) X-linked dominant

Accepted Answer

CF is an autosomal recessive disease.
CF is an autosomal recessive disease,not dominant.
CF is not X-linked.
CF is not X-linked.

Question 14

A 6-month-old female presents with rhinorrhea,cough,poor feeding,lethargy,and fever.She is diagnosed with bronchiolitis.Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?
A) Parainfluenza virus
B) Haemophilus B influenzae
C) Respiratory syncytial virus
D) Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus.
The most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus,not parainfluenza virus.
The most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus,not Haemophilus B influenzae.
The most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus,not strep.

Question 15

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).The nurse reports this condition appeared:
A) Within minutes of birth
B) 2 to 3 hours after birth
C) Within the first 12 to 24 hours after birth
D) 24 to 48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism

Accepted Answer

Signs of RDS appear within minutes of birth.
Signs of RDS appear within minutes of birth,not 2 to 3 hours.
Signs of RDS appear within minutes of birth,not within the first 24 hours.
Signs of RDS appear within minutes of birth; it is not associated with an infectious organism.

Question 16

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse recalls cardiovascular alterations seen in respiratory distress syndrome include:
A) Left-to-right shunt
B) Left ventricular dilation
C) Pulmonary hypotension
D) Opening of fetal shunt pathways

Accepted Answer

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance may even cause a partial return to fetal circulation,with right-to-left shunting of blood through the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale.
A left-to-right shunt does not occur but vice versa.
A return to fetal shunting occurs,not ventricular dilation.
A return to fetal shunting occurs,not pulmonary hypotension.

Question 17

During a respiratory assessment of an infant with respiratory distress syndrome,a sinking in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration.This observation is documented as:
A) Grunting
B) Tachypnea
C) Retractions
D) Nasal flaring

Accepted Answer

The sinking of supraclavicular and intercostal areas is termed retractions.
The symptoms describe retractions,not grunting.
The symptoms describe retractions,not tachypnea.
The symptoms describe retractions,not nasal flaring.

Question 18

While planning care for a child with asthma,which of the following is characteristic of asthma?
A) Increased lung volumes
B) Prolonged expirations
C) Air trapping
D) Dead space

Accepted Answer

On physical examination,there is expiratory wheezing that is often described as high pitched and musical,and there is prolongation of the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle.
Lung volumes are decreased.
Air trapping occurs in emphysema,not asthma.
Dead space occurs in emphysema,not asthma.

Question 19

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma.Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as part of an asthmatic attack?
A) Headache
B) Chest pain
C) Wheezing
D) Low heart rate

Accepted Answer

Wheezing occurs in asthma,due to narrowing of airways.
Headache is not a part of an asthma attack.
Wheezing is part of an asthma attack,not chest pain.
The heart rate will be increased,not decreased.

Question 20

A 10-year-old male was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.When the parents ask what treatment comes next,how should the nurse respond? The treatment that will most likely be tried first is:
A) Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)
B) Weight loss
C) Continuous positive airway pressure
D) Drug therapy

Accepted Answer

Children with sleep apnea are most often referred for T&A.
Children with sleep apnea are most often referred for T&A.Weight loss is secondary.
Children with sleep apnea are most often referred for T&A.Continuous positive airway pressure is secondary.
Children with sleep apnea are most often referred for T&A.Drug therapy is secondary.

Quiz 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

A 2-week-old female presents with fever,cough,respiratory distress,and empyema.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A 5-year-old male presents with high fever,inspiratory stridor,severe respiratory distress,drooling,and dysphagia.Which of the following behaviors by the student nurse would be a cause for concern?

A 9-year-old male contracted influenza.Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.When obtaining the patient's history,which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?

A 2-year-old female fell in a swimming pool and nearly drowned.She then developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) .Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?

An infant was born 10 weeks premature and put on mechanical ventilation.Two months later he presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?

A 2-year-old male presents with fever and cough.He is diagnosed with pneumonia.While planning treatment for this patient,the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup.When the parent asks what caused this,what is the nurse's best response? The most likely cause of this disease is:

A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation.When reviewing the lab results,which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated?

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse monitors the newborn for atelectasis because of:

An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough.She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia.What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

While planning care,a nurse recalls respiratory distress and hypoxemia in laryngotracheobronchitis are caused by:

A geneticist is discussing cystic fibrosis (CF) .Which information should be included? CF is an _____ disease.

A 6-month-old female presents with rhinorrhea,cough,poor feeding,lethargy,and fever.She is diagnosed with bronchiolitis.Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) .The nurse reports this condition appeared:

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse recalls cardiovascular alterations seen in respiratory distress syndrome include:

During a respiratory assessment of an infant with respiratory distress syndrome,a sinking in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration.This observation is documented as:

While planning care for a child with asthma,which of the following is characteristic of asthma?

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma.Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as part of an asthmatic attack?

A 10-year-old male was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.When the parents ask what treatment comes next,how should the nurse respond? The treatment that will most likely be tried first is: