Question 1

Those with an external locus of control think that other people, fate, or luck controls the rewards they receive.

Accepted Answer

Those with an external locus of control believe that external factors control the outcomes in their life, including rewards and consequences.

Question 2

Learned helplessness during infancy and early childhood can predispose us to a(n)

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness during infancy and early childhood can lead to a pessimistic explanatory style, where individuals believe that their failures in life are due to internal and stable factors (such as their own lack of ability) rather than external and unstable factors (such as luck or effort). This can make it harder for them to overcome obstacles and achieve success, as they may feel like their efforts are futile.

Question 3

Overall, people who do not have children report _______ happiness than people with children. People with __________ children are the least happy group.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that overall, people without children report greater happiness than those with children, particularly when the children are very young, due to the high demands of care and attention required at that age.

Question 4

__________ psychology deals with happiness, excellence, and optimal life functioning.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on exploring and promoting positive emotions, strengths, virtues, and the overall well-being of individuals. In contrast to traditional psychology, which tends to focus on the negative aspects of human behavior and mental processes, positive psychology aims to understand and cultivate the positive aspects of life. It is concerned with topics like happiness, resilience, creativity, optimism, gratitude, and the pursuit of meaning and purpose.

Question 5

Research in Germany found the most important choices among life goals that related directly to happiness included the characteristics of one's partner, a healthy lifestyle,

Accepted Answer

The research found that a proper balance of work and leisure, and social involvement were important factors related to happiness. Option A is related to financial success and material possessions, which may not necessarily lead to happiness. Option B mentions positive thinking and loving pets, which can contribute to happiness, but are not as significant as the factors mentioned in option C. Option D mentions having a lot of kids, contentment, and good hobbies, which can vary depending on individual preferences and experiences.

Question 6

__________ were shown to develop stronger immune systems and to be more likely to recover from heart attacks.

Accepted Answer

Optimists were shown to have stronger immune systems and be more likely to recover from heart attacks according to the statement provided.

Question 7

Research shows that optimists are more likely to indulge in____ than pessimists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that optimists are more likely...

Question 8

If you are a person who expects good things to happen to you, then you are a

Accepted Answer

An optimist is someone who expects good things to happen to them. They have a positive outlook on life and anticipate positive outcomes. Pessimists, on the other hand, expect negative outcomes, while realists take a more practical, objective view of the world. Sensationalists are more focused on sensational, attention-grabbing news or events.

Question 9

Physical well-being is an important component of subjective well-being in ______ people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical well-being is an important component of...

Question 10

Seligman found that a feeling of having ____ control is related to learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Seligman found that a feeling of having less control is related to learned helplessness. This means that individuals who feel like they lack control over their environment and situation may develop a sense of helplessness and become less motivated to try to change their circumstances.

Question 11

People who have a more ____________ lifestyle will recover more quickly from failure or negative life pressures, as they also experience less feelings of helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals with an optimistic mindset are likely to recover more quickly from failures or negative life pressures. They tend to view setbacks as temporary and as opportunities for growth rather than permanent and insurmountable obstacles, leading to a greater sense of control and less feelings of helplessness.

Question 12

Learned helplessness has been found to be related to

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a state of feeling unable to control one's environment or situation, leading to feelings of powerlessness and despair. This is often associated with depression. Restlessness and excessive risk-taking are not typically associated with learned helplessness. A sense of well-being is also unlikely to be associated with this condition.

Question 13

Elderly residents of a nursing home who were given greater choices in their daily lives

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that elderly residents of nursing homes who were given greater choices in their daily lives were happier and more physically active. This increased autonomy and sense of control can improve their overall wellbeing. Option A and D are incorrect because research has shown that giving people more choices results in increased levels of happiness and satisfaction, rather than confusion or continued dependence on staff. Option B is incorrect because increased autonomy has been linked to increased motivation and overall activity levels.

Question 14

People with an optimistic explanatory style tend to ___________ than people with a pessimistic explanatory style.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people with an optimistic explanatory style tend to have better health outcomes, including faster recovery from some medical procedures, compared to people with a pessimistic explanatory style.

Question 15

To Seligman, people with an optimistic explanatory style tend to

Accepted Answer

According to Seligman, people with an optimistic explanatory style tend to believe that their own actions can make a difference in situations, including when they are experiencing health problems. This is in contrast to people with a pessimistic explanatory style, who tend to believe that their actions will not make a difference.

Question 16

The optimistic explanatory style varies the most across

Accepted Answer

The optimistic explanatory style has been found to vary across cultures, with some cultures placing more emphasis on individual achievement and others on collective success.

Question 17

According to Seligman, a(n) ____ explanatory style can prevent learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

According to Seligman, an optimistic explanatory style, which attributes failures to external and specific causes rather than internal and global ones, can prevent learned helplessness.

Question 18

In research, Japanese college students were found to be more ____ than American students.

Accepted Answer

Japanese college students were found to be more pessimistic than American students, reflecting cultural differences in attitudes and expectations.

Question 19

Julian Rotter was first interested in Skinner's ideas, and went on to become a behavioral theorist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julian Rotter was first interested in Skinner's...

Question 20

Research shows that ______ and _____ may not have a strong relationship to happiness.

Accepted Answer

While age, gender, intellect, and education can contribute to certain factors that affect happiness, research suggests that they do not necessarily have a strong direct correlation with happiness. Other factors such as social support, relationships, and overall well-being may play a more significant role. On the other hand, studies have shown that race and cultural differences and wealth/poverty can have an impact on happiness.

Quiz 14: Mini- Theories: Locus of Control, Sensation Seeking, Learned Helplessness, Optimismpessimism, Positive Psychology, and Happiness and Success