Question 1

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.chief cells
b.parietal cells
c.mucous cells
d.G cells of PGA
-serve as parent cells of all new cells of the gastric mucosa

Accepted Answer

Mucous cells in the stomach lining serve as the progenitors or parent cells for all new cells in the gastric mucosa. They are responsible for secreting mucus to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juice and also play a key role in the regeneration and repair of the gastric epithelium.

Question 2

Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through d., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.autonomous smooth muscle function
b.extrinsic (autonomic) nerves
c.hormones
d.intrinsic nerve plexuses
-coordinate activity between different regions of the digestive tract

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through...

Question 3

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-secreted by the pyloric gland area

Accepted Answer

Gastrin is the hormone secreted by the pyloric gland area, which is located in the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the digestive process by stimulating the secretion of gastric acid.

Question 4

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.chief cells
b.parietal cells
c.mucous cells
d.G cells of PGA
-secrete intrinsic factor

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. None of the other options secrete intrinsic factor.

Question 5

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-inhibit(s) gastric motility

Accepted Answer

Both secretin and CCK (cholecystokinin) inhibit gastric motility. Secretin primarily inhibits gastric acid secretion and slows down the stomach's emptying to allow for neutralization of intestinal contents. CCK also slows gastric emptying and stimulates bile release, working in concert with secretin to aid in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Question 6

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-stimulated primarily by the presence of protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d.,...

Question 7

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics.
a.amylase
b.trypsin
c.chymotrypsin
d.lipase
-only enzyme for fat digestion

Accepted Answer

Lipase is the only enzyme responsible for the digestion of fats. Amylase is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, while trypsin and chymotrypsin are responsible for the digestion of proteins.

Question 8

Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through d., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.autonomous smooth muscle function
b.extrinsic (autonomic) nerves
c.hormones
d.intrinsic nerve plexuses
-responsible for establishing the rate of rhythmic contractility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through...

Question 9

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-secretion inhibited by low pH

Accepted Answer

Gastrin secretion is inhibited by low pH in the stomach. When the pH drops too low, gastrin release is suppressed to prevent excessive acidity that can lead to damage of the stomach lining. Secretin and CCK (cholecystokinin) are stimulated by different factors related to the presence of food in the stomach and the small intestine, not directly by low pH.

Question 10

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-inhibit(s) gastric secretion

Accepted Answer

Secretin and CCK both inhibit gastric secretion. Secretin primarily inhibits gastric acid secretion by directly acting on the stomach's parietal cells, while CCK decreases gastric emptying and stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes, indirectly reducing the need for gastric acid.

Question 11

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics.
a.amylase
b.trypsin
c.chymotrypsin
d.lipase
-similar to digestive enzyme found in saliva

Accepted Answer

Amylase is the digestive enzyme found in saliva.

Answer: B and C
 Trypsin and chymotrypsin are both pancreatic enzymes that break down proteins in the small intestine.

Answer: D
 Lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats in the small intestine.

Question 12

Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through d., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.autonomous smooth muscle function
b.extrinsic (autonomic) nerves
c.hormones
d.intrinsic nerve plexuses
-responsible for coordinating local activity within the digestive tract

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic nerve plexuses, specifically the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, are responsible for coordinating local activity within the digestive tract. These plexuses contain sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons that work together to regulate peristalsis, secretion of enzymes and hormones, and blood flow. Autonomous smooth muscle function may play a role in this coordination, but it is not the primary control mechanism. Extrinsic (autonomic) nerves and hormones act on these plexuses to modulate their activity, but they are not responsible for coordinating local activity within the digestive tract.

Question 13

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.chief cells
b.parietal cells
c.mucous cells
d.G cells of PGA
-secrete gastrin

Accepted Answer

G cells of PGA secrete gastrin, which stimulates the secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin by the acidic environment. Mucous cells secrete mucus to protect the gastric epithelium from the corrosive effects of gastric acid. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Question 14

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics.
a.amylase
b.trypsin
c.chymotrypsin
d.lipase
-activation initiated by trypsin

Accepted Answer

Chymotrypsinogen, the inactive form of chymotrypsin, is activated by trypsin in the small intestine, where it then aids in protein digestion.

Question 15

Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through d., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.autonomous smooth muscle function
b.extrinsic (autonomic) nerves
c.hormones
d.intrinsic nerve plexuses
-pathway by which factors outside the digestive system can influence digestion

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic (autonomic) nerves are the control mechanism responsible for influencing digestion from factors outside the digestive system.

Question 16

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics.
a.amylase
b.trypsin
c.chymotrypsin
d.lipase
-activation initiated by enterokinase

Accepted Answer

Trypsinogen, the inactive form of trypsin, is activated by enterokinase (also known as enteropeptidase) in the small intestine.

Question 17

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-stimulate(s) gastric secretion

Accepted Answer

Gastrin specifically stimulates gastric secretion, including the secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach, aiding in digestion.

Question 18

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.chief cells
b.parietal cells
c.mucous cells
d.G cells of PGA
-secrete pepsinogen

Accepted Answer

Chief cells are responsible for secreting pepsinogen, which is the inactive form of the digestive enzyme pepsin that breaks down proteins in the stomach. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, mucous cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining, and G cells of the pyloric gland secrete the hormone gastrin.

Question 19

Match the control mechanisms, labelled a. through d., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.autonomous smooth muscle function
b.extrinsic (autonomic) nerves
c.hormones
d.intrinsic nerve plexuses
-travel via the blood to alter digestive motility and secretion

Accepted Answer

Hormones, such as gastrin and secretin, are released into the bloodstream and travel to the digestive system to alter motility and secretion.

Answer: B 
 Extrinsic (autonomic) nerves innervate the digestive system and modify its function.

Answer: D 
 Intrinsic nerve plexuses, such as the myenteric plexus, control the peristaltic activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer: A 
 Autonomous smooth muscle function refers to the inherent ability of smooth muscle to contract and relax independent of neural or hormonal input, allowing for rhythmic contractions of the digestive system.

Question 20

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.both secretin and CCK
b.secretin
c.CCK
d.gastrin
-stimulated primarily by the presence of fat (fatty acids)

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) is primarily stimulated by the presence of fat (fatty acids). Secretin is primarily stimulated by acidic chyme entering the duodenum, while gastrin is primarily stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.

Quiz 14: The Urinary System

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.chief cells b.parietal cells c.mucous cells d.G cells of PGA -serve as parent cells of all new cells of the gastric mucosa

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -secreted by the pyloric gland area

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.chief cells b.parietal cells c.mucous cells d.G cells of PGA -secrete intrinsic factor

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -inhibit(s) gastric motility

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -stimulated primarily by the presence of protein

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics. a.amylase b.trypsin c.chymotrypsin d.lipase -only enzyme for fat digestion

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -secretion inhibited by low pH

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -inhibit(s) gastric secretion

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics. a.amylase b.trypsin c.chymotrypsin d.lipase -similar to digestive enzyme found in saliva

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.chief cells b.parietal cells c.mucous cells d.G cells of PGA -secrete gastrin

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics. a.amylase b.trypsin c.chymotrypsin d.lipase -activation initiated by trypsin

Match the digestive enzymes, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristics. a.amylase b.trypsin c.chymotrypsin d.lipase -activation initiated by enterokinase

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -stimulate(s) gastric secretion

Match the gastric cell types, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.chief cells b.parietal cells c.mucous cells d.G cells of PGA -secrete pepsinogen

Match the hormone(s), labelled a. through d., to the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.both secretin and CCK b.secretin c.CCK d.gastrin -stimulated primarily by the presence of fat (fatty acids)