Question 1

The way chimpanzees in West Africa crack open oil-palm nuts requires observation and practice.After a great deal of practice,they are proficient by the age of:
A)4 or 5.
B)5 or 6.
C)6 or 7.
D)7 or 8.
E)8 or 9.

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees in West Africa, after much observation and practice, typically become proficient at cracking open oil-palm nuts by the age of 6 or 7. This skill development is a part of their learning and cultural transmission within the community.

Question 2

In the same way that young Imo got her troop to begin washing sweet potatoes in saltwater,at Kyoto University's Koshima Island Primatology Research preserve,another young female macaque taught/modeled for other macaques to:
A)fish.
B)hunt.
C)bathe in hot water springs.
D)eat potatoes.
E)climb trees.

Accepted Answer

In the famous case study of the Koshima monkeys, a young female macaque named Imo was observed washing sweet potatoes in saltwater before eating them. However, at the same research preserve, another young female macaque named Sherry was observed soaking in hot water springs. She eventually taught this behavior to other macaques, leading to a cultural tradition of hot spring bathing among the Koshima macaques.

Question 3

Do apes have culture? Your text argues that:
A)they do not,because they cannot talk and interact in a direct manner.
B)they do not,because they are not capable of flexible adaptation.
C)they have "proto" culture,which means that they are evolving towards having culture one day.
D)they do,because they can hunt as predators.
E)they do,because they have flexible patterns of behavior,including tool use and communication.

Accepted Answer

The text argues that apes have culture because they exhibit flexible patterns of behavior, such as tool use and communication. This suggests that they have the ability to learn from each other and pass on behaviors to future generations, which are key aspects of culture.

Question 4

Concern for the welfare of others expressed as increased risk undertaken by individuals for the good of the group is called:
A)jingoism.
B)sacrifice.
C)beneficial adaptation.
D)polygenetic inheritance.
E)altruism.

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the specific term to describe concern for the welfare of others expressed through self-sacrifice or increased risk-taking for the benefit of the group. Jingoism refers to excessive patriotism or aggressive foreign policy. Beneficial adaptation and polygenetic inheritance do not accurately describe this concept. Sacrifice is related to altruism but is not as specific in its definition.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct regarding vervet monkey alarm calls?
A)They make alarm calls to signal the location of food.
B)There is no distinction between any alarm calls.
C)Each alarm call communicates specific information about type of predator and where it is located.
D)Each alarm call communicates specific information about type of predator and when it will arrive.
E)Vervet youngsters appear to learn these calls instinctually without parental involvement.

Accepted Answer

Each alarm call of the vervet monkeys communicates specific information about the type of predator and where it is located. Studies have shown that vervet monkeys have distinct alarm calls for different predators like eagles, leopards, and snakes, and they react differently to these calls depending on the type of predator.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about reproduction and care of offspring among primates is incorrect?
A)Reduction in the number of offspring among primates is an adaptation to an arboreal existence.
B)No primates give birth to more than one offspring at a time.
C)The more closely related a primate species is to humans,the more helpless and immature the newborn offspring tend to be.
D)Play provides primates with a way to explore and learn their environments.
E)There is a relatively long birth interval between offspring,especially in apes.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Some primates, such as some species of lemurs and tarsiers, may give birth to more than one offspring at a time.

Question 7

In terms of biomedical research,the U.S.National Institutes of Health has decided that:
A)great apes must be used in biomedical research if we are to discover new treatment plans for humans.
B)only chimpanzees can be used in biomedical research intended to benefit humans,because chimpanzees are our closest relatives.
C)chimpanzees can be used in biomedical research only when it concerns life-threatening human diseases.
D)it will slowly begin to withdraw funding for biomedical research involving any great apes.
E)it will no longer fund any biomedical research involving chimpanzees.

Accepted Answer

In 2013, the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that it would no longer fund any biomedical research involving chimpanzees. This decision was based on a report that concluded that chimpanzees are not necessary for most biomedical research, as alternative methods have been developed. The decision also takes into account ethical considerations and the well-being of the chimpanzees. However, this decision does not apply to other great apes such as gorillas and orangutans.

Question 8

An important method of learning among infants and juveniles is:
A)sex.
B)brachiation.
C)play.
D)knuckle-walking.
E)home ranges.

Accepted Answer

Play is a crucial method of learning for infants and juveniles of many species, including humans. Through play, young animals can practice important skills such as social interaction, hunting and problem-solving, and develop their physical abilities. Play also stimulates brain development and enhances learning capacity.

Question 9

All of the following are lessons that emerge from the orangutan study except:
A)the concept of biological stress cannot be applied equally across species.
B)reproductive strategies can be flexible.
C)orangutans have no forms of aggression within their communities.
D)primate behavior is serious and has social consequences that may not be anticipated.
E)one must be cautious in comparing behaviors across species.

Accepted Answer

The orangutan study did not suggest that orangutans have no forms of aggression within their communities, therefore option C cannot be considered as a lesson that emerged from the study. The other options are all valid lessons that can be learned from the study.

Question 10

What do bonobos use to mark trails for communication?
A)Piles of small stones
B)Large leaves
C)Sticks that point the way
D)Piles of dirt
E)Flowers

Accepted Answer

Bonobos use large leaves to mark trails for communication.

Question 11

The more we learn of the behavior of our nearest primate relatives:
A)the more we become aware of the insignificance of behavior of other primates.
B)the more we become aware of the importance of human uniqueness as the most evolved primates.
C)the more we become aware of the importance of learned,socially shared practices and knowledge in these creatures and ourselves.
D)the less we need to know about other primates.
E)the more taxonomists consider separating humans out of the primate order.

Accepted Answer

Learning about the behavior of our nearest primate relatives emphasizes the importance of socially shared practices and knowledge in both ourselves and these creatures. This suggests that humans are not the only unique, evolved primates and highlights the importance of understanding the behavior of other primates in order to better understand ourselves.

Question 12

If you were observing nonhuman primates,which of the following would you be more likely to observe hunting other mammals?
A)Bonobos and chimpanzees
B)Gorillas
C)New World monkeys
D)Lemurs
E)Marmosets

Accepted Answer

As bonobos and chimpanzees are classified as great apes, they have been observed engaging in hunting behavior more frequently than other nonhuman primates. Gorillas primarily have an herbivorous diet, while New World monkeys, lemurs, and marmosets do not typically hunt other mammals.

Question 13

A female chimpanzee does not reach sexual maturity until about the age of 10.Once she produces her first live offspring,what is the average number of years between births?
A)2-3 years
B)5-6 years
C)7-8 years
D)3-4 years
E)1 year

Accepted Answer

Female chimpanzees typically have a birth interval of approximately 5-6 years. This period allows them to invest significant care and resources into each offspring, ensuring the young have a better chance of survival.

Question 14

Chimpanzees use which of the following communication signals to announce the arrival of another individual?
A)Lip smacking
B)Pant hoots
C)Trail marking
D)Clapping hands
E)Shaking hands

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees use pant hoots to announce the arrival of another individual. Lip smacking is a greeting and appeasement signal. Trail marking involves leaving behind scent marks to communicate with other chimpanzees. Clapping hands and shaking hands are not communication signals commonly used by chimpanzees.

Question 15

lower rates of sexual activity.Monogamous primate species are frequently associated with:
A)lower rates of sexual activity.
B)lower levels of sexual dimorphism.
C)smaller territorial ranges.
D)fewer offspring.
E)higher levels of social activity.

Accepted Answer

Monogamous primate species often exhibit lower levels of sexual dimorphism because there is less competition for mates, leading to less pronounced differences between males and females.

Question 16

Behaving in a manner that tends to promote social cohesion is called:
A)affiliation.
B)exfoliation.
C)habituation.
D)altruism.
E)reconciliation.

Accepted Answer

Affiliation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of forming social bonds and connections, which contributes to social cohesion.

Question 17

Apes generally nurse their young for how long?
A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2-3 years
D)4-5 years
E)6-7 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apes generally nurse their young for how...

Question 18

The ability to make and use tools is:
A)present only in humans and found in no other species.
B)a significant part of the everyday behavior of gorillas and orangutans.
C)present among chimpanzees but only involves nest-building among gorillas.
D)present only among chimpanzees and humans.
E)found among all primates regardless of species.

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees are known for their tool-making and using abilities, while gorillas primarily use tools for nest-building.

Question 19

Which of the following would not be a purpose for a chimpanzee's hunt?
A)Dietary
B)Political
C)Sport
D)Sexual
E)Social

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees hunt primarily for dietary needs, to establish or maintain social bonds, for political reasons such as gaining or maintaining status within the group, and sometimes for sexual reasons, where males may share meat with females as part of mating strategies. Hunting for sport, implying an activity done for entertainment without a survival or social necessity, does not align with observed chimpanzee behavior.

Question 20

One form of communication appears to be unique to bonobos is/are:
A)the use of smoke signals.
B)the use of hollow logs to beat out messages.
C)the use of high-pitched howls.
D)signing.
E)trail markers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One form of communication appears to be...

Quiz 4: Primate Behavior

The way chimpanzees in West Africa crack open oil-palm nuts requires observation and practice.After a great deal of practice,they are proficient by the age of:

In the same way that young Imo got her troop to begin washing sweet potatoes in saltwater,at Kyoto University's Koshima Island Primatology Research preserve,another young female macaque taught/modeled for other macaques to:

Do apes have culture? Your text argues that:

Concern for the welfare of others expressed as increased risk undertaken by individuals for the good of the group is called:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding vervet monkey alarm calls?

Which of the following statements about reproduction and care of offspring among primates is incorrect?

In terms of biomedical research,the U.S.National Institutes of Health has decided that:

An important method of learning among infants and juveniles is:

All of the following are lessons that emerge from the orangutan study except:

What do bonobos use to mark trails for communication?

The more we learn of the behavior of our nearest primate relatives:

If you were observing nonhuman primates,which of the following would you be more likely to observe hunting other mammals?

A female chimpanzee does not reach sexual maturity until about the age of 10.Once she produces her first live offspring,what is the average number of years between births?

Chimpanzees use which of the following communication signals to announce the arrival of another individual?

lower rates of sexual activity.Monogamous primate species are frequently associated with:

Behaving in a manner that tends to promote social cohesion is called:

Apes generally nurse their young for how long?

The ability to make and use tools is:

Which of the following would not be a purpose for a chimpanzee's hunt?

One form of communication appears to be unique to bonobos is/are: