Question 1

Childhood overweight is usually defined as _____ above the 85th percentile.

Accepted Answer

Childhood overweight is usually defined as a BMI above the 85th percentile, which takes into account both height and weight. It is the most commonly used measure for identifying overweight and obesity in children.

Question 2

Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile,...

Question 3

At the beginning of middle childhood, the _____ is less than at any other stage of life.

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children tend to have less proportion of body fat than any other stage of life due to their increased physical activity and growth. The other options are not necessarily true for all children in middle childhood, as some may have varying levels of motivation, friends, and vocabulary size.

Question 4

Austin is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candylike cereal that he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it, and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Austin demonstrated _____ power.

Accepted Answer

Austin's behavior of begging, bargaining, and pouting to get what he wants can be described as pestering his mom.

Question 5

Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has _____.

Accepted Answer

The rate of childhood asthma in the United States has tripled since 1980, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 6

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

The belief that children need exposure to germs and bacteria in order to develop a stronger immune system is called the hygiene hypothesis.

Question 7

Monica brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Monica that her son had inflammation of the airways. Monica's son was diagnosed with _____.

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the airways is a symptom of asthma. None of the other conditions listed have inflammation of the airways as a primary symptom.

Question 8

At Devon's recent check-up, her doctor told her that she is obese. Devon's BMI is in the _____ percentile.

Accepted Answer

The term "obese" generally refers to a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Therefore, Devon's BMI being in the obese range indicates that she is at or above the 95th percentile. The only answer choice that fits this description is D, 97th percentile.

Question 9

The hygiene hypothesis asserts that _____.

Accepted Answer

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that exposure to microbes, especially during childhood, is important for the development of a strong immune system. This exposure can come from farm animals, other children, and unclean environments. Too much cleanliness and lack of exposure to microbes can lead to an overly sensitive immune system and an increased risk of allergies and autoimmune diseases. The hypothesis does not state that the immune system needs to be protected through very hygienic conditions or that farm animals are more hygienic than household pets. Smoking is also not directly related to the hygiene hypothesis.

Question 10

Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the _____ percentile.

Accepted Answer

Childhood obesity is usually defined as having a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. This means that a child with a BMI above the 95th percentile has a higher weight than 95% of children of the same age and sex. Therefore, the correct answer is D) 95th.

Question 11

Madeline is 9 years old and is considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight?

Accepted Answer

There are dozens of genes that have been identified as potentially playing a role in obesity, but it is important to note that genetics is just one factor influencing weight and lifestyle choices also play a significant role.

Question 12

With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing that _____.

Accepted Answer

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that early childhood exposure to a variety of environmental stimuli, including bacteria and other infectious agents, is important in the development of the immune system and the prevention of allergies and asthma. Studies have shown that children who grow up on farms, which tend to have more diverse environmental exposures, have a lower risk of developing asthma and other allergies. The other choices given are not consistent with the hygiene hypothesis.

Question 13

Which factor is most often seen in children who are obese?

Accepted Answer

High levels of cholesterol are commonly seen in children who are obese. Low blood pressure is not typically associated with obesity. While increased psychopathology may be seen in some cases, it is not the most common factor. There is also no evidence to suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of a child becoming a bully.

Question 14

Marilyn is 7 years old and is classified as obese. Based on information from the text, which would you say contributed to her obesity?

Accepted Answer

The text states that lack of sleep can contribute to obesity in children. None of the other options given suggest a potential cause for Marilyn's obesity.

Question 15

Which child is at higher risk for developing asthma?

Accepted Answer

Children who live in cities are at a higher risk for developing asthma due to increased exposure to air pollution and other airborne irritants.

Question 16

Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways.

Accepted Answer

Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways, which makes them swollen and sensitive. This inflammation can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, irritants, and respiratory infections. It can cause symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Question 17

Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of sugary drinks are major contributing factors to the rise in childhood obesity. Watching TV and drinking soda are a common behavior for many children.

Question 18

Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the _____ percentile.

Accepted Answer

Children are considered overweight when their Body Mass Index (BMI) is at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.

Question 19

William was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development, including _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of William was doing a class report on...

Question 20

During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as _____ power.

Accepted Answer

The term "pester power" refers to the ability of children to nag or pester adults, often their parents, into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy, such as candy or junk food. This concept highlights how children can influence purchasing decisions within the family.

Quiz 11: Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development