Question 1

Mnemonics is a basic cannon of research.

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are memory aids or strategies to help remember information, not a basic canon of research.

Question 2

Major disadvantages to participant observation include which of the following?
A)Gaining acceptance
B)Maintaining objectivity
C)Facing ethical dilemmas
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Participant observation can involve challenges such as gaining acceptance from the group being studied, maintaining objectivity as the observer becomes part of the community, and facing ethical dilemmas related to privacy and consent.

Question 3

Photo criminology refers to the use of photographs in field studies.

Accepted Answer

Photo criminology specifically refers to the study and analysis of criminal behavior and crime scenes using photographic evidence, rather than the use of photographs in general field studies.

Question 4

Reflexive photography involves giving respondents cameras and asking them to take pictures that are then explored in subsequent interviews.

Accepted Answer

Reflexive photography is a research method where participants are given cameras to capture images that reflect their own perspectives, experiences, or environments, which are later discussed in interviews to gain deeper insights.

Question 5

A practice that has been deemed of only nominal importance by most researchers is that of keeping of extensive and detailed field notes or diaries.

Accepted Answer

Keeping extensive and detailed field notes or diaries is considered a crucial practice in qualitative research for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data collected. It helps in capturing the context and complexity of the study environment, which is essential for analysis and interpretation.

Question 6

A principal advantage of participant observation is its very time-consuming nature.

Accepted Answer

Participant observation is valued for its depth of insight and context it provides, not for being time-consuming, which is generally considered a disadvantage.

Question 7

Reciprocity involves a system of mutual obligations.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity involves a system where two parties have mutual obligations or benefits, often implying a mutual exchange of goods, services, or favors.

Question 8

Complete participation takes place when the researcher not only joins in,but actually begins to manipulate the direction of,group activity.

Accepted Answer

Complete participation involves the researcher fully engaging in the group's activities, including influencing the group's direction and decisions.

Question 9

Memory stimulation refers to simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies.

Accepted Answer

Memory stimulation often involves techniques or interventions designed to improve or activate memory processes, which can include a wide range of strategies beyond simple memorizing devices, and are not limited to field studies.

Question 10

The Weber Approach was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group.

Accepted Answer

Weber's Approach was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by observing them from a distance.

Question 11

Participant observation refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and,to varying degrees,participating in its activities.

Accepted Answer

Participant observation is a qualitative research method where the researcher immerses themselves in a group or community to observe and, to some extent, participate in the activities being studied, allowing for a deeper understanding of the social dynamics and practices within the group.

Question 12

Photo novella is another form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos.

Accepted Answer

Photo novella, also known as photovoice, is a method where participants use photography to capture aspects of their environment and experiences to articulate their own stories or highlight issues, thereby giving them a "voice" through the visual medium. This process often involves discussing these photos to explore and address community needs, problems, or interests.

Question 13

The types of researcher observation include complete participation,participant as observer,observer as participant,and complete observation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The types of researcher observation include complete...

Question 14

Case study methods are in-depth,qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.

Accepted Answer

Case study methods involve an in-depth, detailed examination of a single case or a small number of cases, often with a qualitative approach, to gain a deep understanding of the particular context, situation, or phenomenon being studied.

Question 15

According to most criminal justice researchers,an introduction to a gatekeeper,leader,or person who is willing to accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researcher's presence is of only nominal importance.

Accepted Answer

Most criminal justice researchers consider an introduction to a gatekeeper, leader, or person who is willing to accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researcher's presence as crucial. It helps in gaining access, building trust, and ensuring the cooperation of participants within the criminal justice system.

Question 16

Some researchers feel that social science and criminal justice research have been over-dependent on the artificial elements of questionnaires,interviews,and experimental settings.

Accepted Answer

Many researchers argue that reliance on questionnaires, interviews, and experimental settings can lead to artificial responses and situations that do not accurately reflect real-world behaviors and attitudes, thus questioning the validity of findings in social science and criminal justice research.

Question 17

Critics of quantitative research suggest that little relationship exists between attitude and behavior and that more "sensitizing" strategies involving field studies contain greater accuracy.

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that quantitative research may not capture the complexity of human behavior and attitudes, suggesting that qualitative methods like field studies can provide deeper insights.

Question 18

Going native is the tendency of observers to under-identify with groups.

Accepted Answer

"Going native" refers to the tendency of observers or researchers to over-identify with the groups or cultures they are studying, sometimes to the point of adopting their lifestyle, habits, and viewpoints.

Question 19

Design imperfections,in either the instrument or the analysis,can produce inaccurate results.

Accepted Answer

Design imperfections in the instrument or the analysis process can lead to errors or inaccuracies in the results, as they may not accurately measure or reflect the intended variables or conditions.

Question 20

Life histories and oral histories are some methodologies employed in case studies.

Accepted Answer

Life histories and oral histories are qualitative research methodologies that can be used in case studies to gather in-depth information about individuals' experiences, perspectives, and historical contexts.

Quiz 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies