Question 1

What type of thinking makes use of cognitive skills and strategies to increase the likelihood of solving problems,forming inferences,and making decisions appropriately and successfully?

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves using cognitive skills and strategies to solve problems, form inferences, and make decisions effectively.

Question 2

With which slogan would an information processing theorist be most likely to agree?

Accepted Answer

Information processing theorists focus on the ways in which individuals encode, process, store, and retrieve information, emphasizing quantitative changes in cognitive processes over time.

Question 3

Statistically,which person's memory is considered to be the most vulnerable to suggestion,and therefore perhaps the least reliable?

Accepted Answer

Preschool-aged children are more susceptible to suggestion due to their developing cognitive abilities and limited life experience, making their memories less reliable.

Question 4

A reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process,similar to the acquisition of oral language.Which instructional strategy is this teacher a proponent of?

Accepted Answer

The whole-language approach views reading as a natural process, similar to how children learn to speak, emphasizing meaning and strategy over phonics and decoding.

Question 5

Wilson is told that all dogs descended from wolves."Hmm," he replied,"so that means that puppies should show a preference for staying in packs and for eating meat." What important skill has Wilson successfully applied to the information he received?

Accepted Answer

Wilson has applied critical thinking by analyzing the information about dogs descending from wolves and logically deducing that puppies might have inherited traits such as staying in packs and eating meat.

Question 6

What is an advantage of the information processing approach compared to the approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky?

Accepted Answer

The information processing approach is known for its use of precise, empirically testable concepts, unlike the broader, less empirically focused theories of Piaget and Vygotsky.

Question 7

Which approach to reading instruction is most effective,based on substantial research evidence?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that code-based approaches, which emphasize phonics and the systematic teaching of the relationships between letters and sounds, are most effective for teaching reading, especially in early education.

Question 8

How are confidence and accuracy related when it comes to eyewitness memory?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the relationship between confidence and accuracy in eyewitness memory is weak. High confidence does not necessarily correlate with high accuracy, and vice versa.

Question 9

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Exploring alternative explanations is a key component of critical thinking as it involves considering different perspectives and possibilities before reaching a conclusion.

Question 10

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing the context of information is a key component of critical thinking as it involves understanding the circumstances and factors that influence the information being considered.

Question 11

Which statement best describes how humans engage in critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Most people are generally poor critical thinkers, but critical thinking skills can be taught and improved through education and practice.

Question 12

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Challenging assumptions is an ingredient of critical thinking because it helps to identify and evaluate the underlying beliefs and biases that may influence our thinking and decision-making.

Question 13

Which strategy should be used to question children to produce the most accurate recollections?

Accepted Answer

Questioning children as soon as possible after an incident helps in obtaining more accurate recollections because their memories are fresher and less likely to be influenced by external factors.

Question 14

A reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting the basic skills that underlie reading.Which instructional strategy is this teacher a proponent of?

Accepted Answer

The code-based approach focuses on teaching the basic skills of reading, such as phonics and decoding, which are essential for understanding the relationship between sounds and symbols.

Question 15

Edweena is told that more Oldsmobiles are sold currently in the United States than Hondas,Fords,Toyotas,and Chevrolets combined.She not only accepts this statement but repeats it to her friends,family,and teachers.Given that Oldsmobiles haven't been manufactured since 2004,what important skill has Edweena neglected to apply?

Accepted Answer

Edweena has neglected to apply critical thinking, which involves analyzing and evaluating information to determine its validity. Since Oldsmobiles haven't been manufactured since 2004, the statement is clearly false, and critical thinking would have helped her recognize this.

Question 16

Renaldo has progressed beyond picture books to early-reader stories appropriate for his young age.His mother encourages him to guess what each of the words mean,stumbling through "bark," "sail," "tall," and "baby" before eventually recognizing the shape of the intended word "ball." Which approach to reading is Renaldo's mother promoting?

Accepted Answer

Renaldo's mother is promoting the whole-language approach, which emphasizes understanding words in context and recognizing them as whole pieces rather than focusing on phonics or breaking them down into sounds.

Question 17

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves evaluating information to determine its factual accuracy, rather than accepting claims at face value or relying on authority.

Question 18

Angelo has progressed beyond picture books to early-reader stories appropriate for his young age.His mother encourages him to sound out each of the letters he comes across,making "buh-aw-luh" eventually recognizable as "ball." Which approach to reading is Angelo's mother promoting?

Accepted Answer

Angelo's mother is promoting the code-based approach, which emphasizes the relationship between sounds and their corresponding letters or groups of letters, helping children decode words by sounding them out.

Question 19

Which nonobvious area of the brain receives beneficial organization through the process of reading?

Accepted Answer

The visual cortex is responsible for processing visual information, and reading requires the ability to process visual information in order to understand the meaning of words.

Question 20

Danica is told that red wine is best served at body temperature,about 96 degrees Fahrenheit."I don't know much about wine," she replied,"but that seems a little warm to me.I'm going to double-check that information with my cousin Luther,the sommelier." What important skill is Danica demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Danica is demonstrating critical thinking by questioning the information she received and deciding to verify it with an expert.

Quiz 6: Cognitive Growth: Information Processing Approaches

What type of thinking makes use of cognitive skills and strategies to increase the likelihood of solving problems,forming inferences,and making decisions appropriately and successfully?

With which slogan would an information processing theorist be most likely to agree?

Statistically,which person's memory is considered to be the most vulnerable to suggestion,and therefore perhaps the least reliable?

A reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process,similar to the acquisition of oral language.Which instructional strategy is this teacher a proponent of?

Wilson is told that all dogs descended from wolves."Hmm," he replied,"so that means that puppies should show a preference for staying in packs and for eating meat." What important skill has Wilson successfully applied to the information he received?

What is an advantage of the information processing approach compared to the approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky?

Which approach to reading instruction is most effective,based on substantial research evidence?

How are confidence and accuracy related when it comes to eyewitness memory?

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Which statement best describes how humans engage in critical thinking?

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Which strategy should be used to question children to produce the most accurate recollections?

A reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting the basic skills that underlie reading.Which instructional strategy is this teacher a proponent of?

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Angelo has progressed beyond picture books to early-reader stories appropriate for his young age.His mother encourages him to sound out each of the letters he comes across,making "buh-aw-luh" eventually recognizable as "ball." Which approach to reading is Angelo's mother promoting?

Which nonobvious area of the brain receives beneficial organization through the process of reading?

Danica is told that red wine is best served at body temperature,about 96 degrees Fahrenheit."I don't know much about wine," she replied,"but that seems a little warm to me.I'm going to double-check that information with my cousin Luther,the sommelier." What important skill is Danica demonstrating?