Question 1

Which of the following is a critical thinking skill?

Accepted Answer

Weighing alternative solutions to given problems involves analyzing and evaluating different options, which is a key aspect of critical thinking.

Question 2

__________ is the process by which information is recorded in a form usable to memory.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process by which information is recorded in a form usable to memory.

Question 3

One clear advantage of the information processing approach over the approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky is its __________.

Accepted Answer

The information processing approach is known for its reliance on precise, testable concepts, which allows for empirical research and validation, unlike the more theoretical approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky.

Question 4

Without conscious thought,children develop the ability to link together stimuli that occur simultaneously,thereby developing an understanding of concepts.This process is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Automatization is the process by which a task becomes automatic through repetition and practice, allowing children to link stimuli without conscious thought.

Question 5

In general,researchers believe that,compared to memory processing in adults,memory processing in young children is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general,researchers believe that,compared to memory processing...

Question 6

When questioning children for legal purposes,the accuracy of their recollections can be improved by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When questioning children for legal purposes,the accuracy...

Question 7

According to the three-system model,it is in the __________ that thoughtful,deliberate information processing first takes place.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is where information is actively processed and manipulated, allowing for thoughtful and deliberate processing.

Question 8

Antony repeats information that he wants to recall over and over until he can recite it from memory.This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Antony is using a memory control strategy known as rehearsal, which involves repeating information to aid in memorization and recall.

Question 9

__________ are stimuli,such as words,images,smells,or sounds,that people use to search and locate information stored in long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cues are stimuli that help individuals access information stored in long-term memory by triggering the recall of related information.

Question 10

Arletta used to believe that she could simply look at a group of vocabulary words once and remember them.Now she realized that she has to practice them.This is evidence that Arletta has developed __________ skills.

Accepted Answer

Arletta's realization that she needs to practice vocabulary words indicates she has developed metamemory skills, which involve awareness and understanding of one's own memory processes.

Question 11

The increasing ability as children age to tune into certain stimuli while tuning out of others is the result of the increasing __________ that comes with age.

Accepted Answer

As children grow, their ability to control attention improves, allowing them to focus on relevant stimuli and ignore distractions.

Question 12

Recent memory research among infants,children,and adults shows that __________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the physical trace of a memory, or the engram, is relatively permanent across all ages, although the ability to retrieve and process these memories can vary with age.

Question 13

Compared with code-based approaches to reading instruction,whole-language approaches focus more on __________.

Accepted Answer

Whole-language approaches emphasize understanding and deriving meaning from context, encouraging readers to make guesses about word meanings based on the surrounding text, rather than focusing on phonics or spelling rules.

Question 14

When questioned repeatedly,children are likely to describe with confidence events and situations that never happened.These descriptions are referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

False memories refer to the phenomenon where individuals recall events that never actually occurred, often with confidence, due to suggestive questioning or other influences.

Question 15

Which of the following summarizes the key principle of information processing theories of development?

Accepted Answer

Information processing theories emphasize that cognitive development is a gradual and continuous process, where children's thinking becomes more sophisticated with age and practice, rather than occurring in distinct stages.

Quiz 6: Cognitive Growth: Information Processing Approaches