Question 1

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries.The nurse will monitor for recurrent:
A) infections.
B) hematuria.
C) vomiting.
D) enuresis.

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is characterized by the deposition of IgA in the glomeruli, leading to recurrent episodes of hematuria, especially following infections or physical exertion.

Question 2

A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.This condition would be graded:
A) I.
B) II.
C) III.
D) IV.

Accepted Answer

Grade IV vesicoureteral reflux is characterized by moderate dilation of the ureter and renal pelvis, with blunting of the calyces, which matches the description of grossly dilated ureter and calyces.

Question 3

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition.The infection was most likely located in the:
A) bone.
B) gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
C) respiratory tract.
D) ear.

Accepted Answer

The child likely had a post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which commonly follows a streptococcal infection of the respiratory tract, such as strep throat.

Question 4

What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys?
A) Renal dysplasia
B) Renal agenesis
C) Hypoplastic kidney
D) Renal aplasia

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term is used to describe a...

Question 5

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a child's diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?
A) Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain
B) Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites
C) Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness
D) Gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension

Accepted Answer

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by symptoms such as gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension due to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.

Question 6

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) idiopathic

Accepted Answer

Secondary nephrotic syndrome occurs when the condition is caused by another disease or external factor, not originating from a primary kidney disorder.

Question 7

A 4 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?
A) Proteinuria
B) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C) Hematuria
D) Sodium loss

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by significant proteinuria, which is a key diagnostic feature.

Question 8

A 7 year old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which sign would support this diagnosis?
A) Constipation
B) Vesicular skin rash
C) Frothy urine
D) Jaundice

Accepted Answer

Frothy urine is a sign of proteinuria, which is a key feature of nephrotic syndrome.

Question 9

In addition to a mass, the child with Wilms tumor may also exhibit which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)
A) Abdominal pain
B) Enuresis
C) Hematuria
D) Weight gain
E) Fever

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to a mass, the child...

Question 10

What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
A) Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
B) Vesicourethral reflux
C) Vesicoureteral influx
D) Hydronephrosis

Accepted Answer

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters, leading to recurrent UTIs.

Question 11

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence.His mother indicates that he has never been continent before.This history supports which form of enuresis?
A) Nocturnal
B) Diurnal
C) Primary
D) Secondary

Accepted Answer

Primary enuresis is when a child has never achieved consistent dryness, as is the case with this 7-year-old who has never been continent.

Question 12

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors.A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:
A) kidneys.
B) ureters.
C) bladder.
D) urethra.

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumors are a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.

Question 13

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:
A) glomerulonephritis.
B) obstruction.
C) nephrotic syndrome.
D) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, often following an infection with certain strains of E. coli.

Question 14

Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.These abnormalities support which diagnosis?
A) Unilateral renal agenesis
B) Potter syndrome
C) Renal aplasia
D) Renal dysplasia

Accepted Answer

The described facial features are characteristic of Potter syndrome, which is associated with oligohydramnios due to renal agenesis or other severe renal abnormalities.

Question 15

A 15 year old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A) Poststreptococcal infection
B) Nephropathy
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Potter syndrome

Accepted Answer

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is a common cause of glomerulonephritis in children and adolescents, often following a streptococcal infection such as strep throat or skin infection.

Question 16

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.The nurse will document this condition as:
A) hypospadias.
B) epispadias.
C) hydroureter.
D) cryptorchidism.

Accepted Answer

Hypospadias is a condition where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis.

Question 17

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor.Which clinical condition is often associated with this disease?
A) Cystic disease of the liver
B) Aniridia
C) Anemia
D) Hypothyroidism

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumor is often associated with WAGR syndrome, which includes Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary abnormalities, and Range of developmental delays.

Question 18

An infant male is experiencing a constant dribbling of urine.His urethral opening is located behind the glans.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
A) Anterior epispadias
B) Posterior epispadias
C) Exstrophy of the bladder
D) Bladder outlet obstruction

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant male is experiencing a constant...

Question 19

The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be:
A) death within 1 year of birth.
B) a fairly normal, healthy life.
C) death within a few hours of birth.
D) good when anomalies are corrected with surgery.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral renal agenesis is a condition where both kidneys fail to develop, leading to a lack of amniotic fluid and underdeveloped lungs, resulting in death shortly after birth.

Quiz 33: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries.The nurse will monitor for recurrent:

A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.This condition would be graded:

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition.The infection was most likely located in the:

What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys?

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a child's diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

A 4 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

A 7 year old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which sign would support this diagnosis?

In addition to a mass, the child with Wilms tumor may also exhibit which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) ?

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence.His mother indicates that he has never been continent before.This history supports which form of enuresis?

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors.A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.These abnormalities support which diagnosis?

A 15 year old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.The nurse will document this condition as:

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor.Which clinical condition is often associated with this disease?

An infant male is experiencing a constant dribbling of urine.His urethral opening is located behind the glans.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be: